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PRE > Applied ethics- EUTHANASIA > Flashcards

Applied ethics- EUTHANASIA Flashcards

1
Q

Define suicide

A

A person dies as a direct result of their voluntary actions

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2
Q

Define assisted suicide

A

A person dies as a result of their voluntary actions with the help of another person

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3
Q

Define physician aided suicide

A

A person dies as a result of their voluntary actions with help of a doctor or physician

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4
Q

Define physician aid in dying

A

a person’s death is hastened but not directly caused by the aid of a doctor or physician (eg medication)

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5
Q

Define voluntary euthanasia

A

a person’s death is directly caused by another person at their request with their consent

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6
Q

Define Passive euthanasia

A

Life- sustaining treatment in withdrawn, indirectly causing death

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7
Q

Define non-voluntary euthanasia

A

A person’s life is ended medically without their consent, but consent is given by someone representing their interests

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8
Q

What act makes suicide illegal in the UK?

A

1961 Suicide act

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9
Q

What argument (similar to abortion) is possible to apply to physician aid in dying?

A

Slippery slope argument

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10
Q

Sanctity of life arguments

A
  1. Life is set apart by God
  2. Life is a gift from God
  3. An innocent life is always to be respected
  4. Life is always to be loved and protected
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11
Q

Key quote for sanctity of life (GENESIS 1:27)

A

‘God created human kind in his image’

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12
Q

Key quote for sanctity of life (JOHN 1:14)

A

’ the Word became flesh and lived among us’

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13
Q

Key quote for sanctity of life (JOB 1:21)

A

‘The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away’

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14
Q

Key quote for sanctity of life (EXODUS 20:13)

A

‘You shall not murder’

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15
Q

Define strong sanctity of life

A

The belief that human life is always valuable from the moment of conception until natural death, without any exceptions

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16
Q

Define weak sanctity of life

A

Killing an innocent person out of love is not equal to murder
Considers exceptions to the sanctity of life principle
No one has a duty top endure extreme pain
Life is a gift, not a burden

17
Q

What did Peter Singer suggest instead of the sanctity of life principle?

A

Rethinking Life and Death (1994)
The worth of human life varies
Take responsibility for the consequences of your decisions
Respect a person’s desire to live or die
Bring children into the world only if they are wanted
Do not discriminate on the basis of species

18
Q

Give a controversial quote from Peter Singer ( about the Baby Doe case in the US)

A

‘If we compare a severely defective human infant with a nonhuman animal, a dog or a pig, for example, we will often find the non-human to have superior capacities’

19
Q

What is the total happiness judgement?

A

If you add up all happiness like a sum, and the person has no quality of life, there sum can longer increase and therefore they have no reason to continue living

20
Q

What is the average happiness judgement?

A

If their average happiness across their whole life is declining (and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future) then they have no reason to continue living

21
Q

What is the higher qualities judgement?

A

There are minimal qualities necessary for a person to love a happy life eg memory, autonomy, ability to form relationships

22
Q

What did Mill believe about the quality of life principle?

A

Autonomy
The value of life comes from the ability of one to determine their own future
Aim to maximise personal freedoms
Paternalism

23
Q

Quote from Mill about euthanasia

A

‘He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it make him happiness’

24
Q

What did John Glover say about the quality of life principle?

A

Being alive alone is not a sufficient condition to make life valuable
It is valuable as long as conscious experience is possible ( supports euthanising PVS patients)

25
Q

Give issues in relation to consequentialism and deontology

A

Purity of intention ( cannot determine someones intentions)
You cannot distinguish foreseen and unforeseen effects (Double effect)
Cannot predict the outcome (euthanasia could lead to more suffering)

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