Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level PE (AQA) - Definitions > Applied Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

When arteries harden & narrow and become blocked by fatty deposits (Atheroma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aerobic

A

A reaction which occurs it the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anaerobic

A

A reaction which occurs in the absence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lactic Acid

A

A by-product of Anaerobic Respiration
Causes Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiac Hypertrophy

A

Heart Muscles become bigger and stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bradycardia

A

When resting HR decreases below 60bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenaline

A

A stress hormone released to stimulate the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Part of the brain, which regulates essential processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vascular Shunting

A

Redistribution of Cardiac Output to where it is needed most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vaso-Constriction/Dilation

A

The narrowing/widening of blood vessels to discourage/encourage blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myoglobin

A

Protein in the muscles with a higher affinity with O2 than Haemoglobin
Stores and provides O2 to the muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of Respiration and Energy production
The ‘Powerhouse’ of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bohr Shift

A

The reduction of Haemoglobin’s affinity with O2
Due to the increased CO2/decreased pH levels in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Venous Return

A

Return of blood to the right side of the heart (through Vena Cava)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Systolic

A

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diastolic

A

Relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ejection Fracture

A

% of ventricle volume successfully pumped out of left ventricle, per beat

Vol. Pumped out / Vol. Ventricle capacity
x100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cardiovascular Drift

A

The decrease in Stroke Volume
& Decrease in Arterial Blood Pressure

With the increase of HR (to maintain Cardiac Output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A-VO2 Diff.

A

Difference in O2 content between Arterial & Venous Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Volume of Air in/out per breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

Volume of Air in/out, per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Volume of Air forcibly inhaled after normal inspiration

23
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Volume of Air forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation

24
Q

Residual Volume

A

Volume of Air remaining after maximal exhalation
(Unchanging)

25
Q

Gaseous Exchange

A

Movement of O2 from air to blood
Movement of CO2 from blood to air

26
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of gas from high to low concentration

27
Q

Partial Pressure

A

The pressure exerted by an individual has when it exists with a mixture

28
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

The difference in Partial Pressure between to media
Indicates the rat of diffusion

29
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

The process of breathing

30
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detects changes in pH levels

31
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Detects changes in Pressure

32
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Detect changes in muscle movement & tension

33
Q

Motor Unit

A

The motor neurone & its muscle fibres

34
Q

Motor Neurone

A

A nerve cell that sends impulses from brain and spine to the muscles

35
Q

All or None Law

A

Fibres of a Neurone either contract fully or not at all

36
Q

Twitch

A

A single activation of a motor neurone stimulating a fibre

37
Q

Wave Summation

A

Repeated activation of a motor neurone stimulating a fibre results in a greater force of contraction

38
Q

Tetanic Contraction

A

A sustained, powerful muscle contraction caused by a series of fast repeating stimuli

39
Q

Spatial Summation

A

When the strength of contraction varies by altering the number and size of the muscles motor units

Involves the recruitment of additional, bigger motor units and fast-twitch motor units to develop more force

40
Q

PNF

A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

41
Q

CRAC

A

Method of PNF
Contract-Relax-Agonist-Contract

42
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

Proprioceptors that detect how far & how fast a muscle is being stretched, and produce the stretch reflex

43
Q

Golgi Tendons

A

Structures that detect levels of tension in the muscle

Override the stretch reflex with inhibitory signals, allowing the antagonist to relax and lengthen

44
Q

Autogenic Inhibition

A

Where there is a sudden relaxation of a muscle in response to high tension

(Golgi Tendons cause this response)

45
Q

Articulating Bones

A

Bones that meet and move as a joint

46
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline of the body

47
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of the body

48
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle responsible for the movement that is occuring

49
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle which works in opposition to the agonist to help produce a coordinated movement

50
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

When a muscle contracts to create movement

Two types: Concentric & Eccentric

51
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

When a muscle shortens under tension

52
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

When a muscle lengthens under tension

53
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

When a muscle contracts but does not change length when doing so

54
Q

(ATP)

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

The only usable form of energy in the body

A-Level PE (AQA) - Definitions (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions