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Regional Anatomy > Applied Anatomy of the Knee Joint > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy of the Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the bones in the knee joint

A
  • Patella
  • Condyles of femur
  • Condyles of tibia
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2
Q

What are the landmarks found on the anterior and posterior surface of the patella

A
  • Anterior - Base, Apex, Medial border, lateral border.
  • Posterior - Facet for lateral condyle of femur (larger), facet for medial condyle of femur.
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3
Q

What is the space between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur called and what attaches here

A
  • Intercondylar area
  • Attachment for cruciate ligaments
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4
Q

What are the landmarks on the superior surface of the tibia

A
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Medial articular area
  • Lateral articular area
  • Anterior intercondylar area
  • Posterior intercondylar area
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5
Q

What is attached in the intercondylar area of the tibia

A
  • Menisci
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6
Q

What are the movements possible at the knee joint

A
  • Flexion and Extension
  • Associated rotation
  • Locking and Unlocking
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7
Q

During extensions what way does the femur rotate to lock the knee

A
  • Medial rotation
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8
Q

Before flexion after extension what way does the femur rotate to unlock the knee and what muscle causes this movement

A
  • Laterally
  • Popliteus
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9
Q

What structures are intracapsular but extra synovial

A
  • ACL
    -PCL
  • Tendon of popliteus
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10
Q

Why are ACL tears more frequent than PCL tears

A
  • PCL is twice as strong and main stabiliser of knee joint. Prevents hyperflexion
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11
Q

What type of injuries are more likely to cause PCL tears

A
  • Dashboard injuries
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12
Q

What are treatments for ACL and PCL tears

A
  • Physiotherapy
  • Ligament reconstruction surgery if whole tear
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13
Q

1What is Lachman’s test

A
  • Flex patient’s knee to 20-30 degrees
  • Grasp the distal end of the femur and proximal end of the fibula and alternately pull forward and push backward.
  • Movement of 5mm or more suggests ACL tear
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14
Q

How do you test for injury to PCL

A
  • Similar actions to Lachman’s test however push tibia backwards rather than pulling it forward. If there us access movement there is injury to PCL
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15
Q

What are the differences between medial and lateral menisci

A
  • Medial meniscus has a thicker posterior horn whereas lateral meniscus has equal horns
  • Medial meniscus merges with medial collateral ligament whereas the lateral ligament does not.
  • Medial meniscus has semimembranosus ligament behind it whereas lateral meniscus has popliteus ligament behind it
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16
Q

Which meniscus is more prone to injury

A
  • Medial meniscus
  • Stronger medial coronary ligament is strong - less mobility
  • Attachment to medial collateral ligament and capsule
  • Lateral meniscus is more mobile
17
Q

Where does the nutrition of the menisci come from

A
  • Outer part has a blood supply
  • Inner part relies on synovial fluid
18
Q

If menisci are not pain sensitive what causes pain during meniscal tears

A
  • Articular surfaces becoming eroded due to friction cause pain
19
Q

What causes meniscal tears

A
  • They soften with age
  • Severe trauma
  • Forceful twisting injury
  • Osteoarthritis
20
Q

What imaging technique would you use to diagnose a meniscal tear

A
  • MRI
21
Q

What is treatment for meniscal tears

A
  • Surgical
  • Arthroscopy (interventional radiology)
  • Meniscopexy (observe legion and fix)
  • ## Meniscectomy (removal if beyond repair)
22
Q

What muscles cause extension of the knee

A
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedialis
  • Rectus femoris
23
Q

What muscles cause flexion of the knee

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimebranosus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Popliteus
  • Plantaris
  • Gastrocnemius
24
Q

What does Hilton’s Law state

A
  • The nerve supplying the muscle that lies across a joint also supplies the joint beneath and the skin overlying those muscles.
25
Q

Why is it important to know motor-sparing techniques when performing procedures like total knee arthroplasty

A
  • Do not want to effect motor supply to knee when attempting to block nerves during TKA.
26
Q

Name 2 deformities of the knee

A
  • Vagum - inturned knees
  • Varum - outurned knees
27
Q

What is a age related pathology of the knee

A
  • Osteoarthritis of the knee
  • Decreased compartmental space with subluxation

Regional Anatomy (13 decks)

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