Adaptable Design of Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the redistribution of the centre of gravity of the body in an upright position associated with

A
  • Pressure on the vertebral column
  • Challenges for the heart supplying the head against gravity
  • Venous return disorders in the elderly
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2
Q

What does the freed upper limb enable humans to do

A
  • Reaching movement well beyond the body
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3
Q

What is the definition of movement (give 2)

A
  • Change in position
  • Change in position of any part of the body
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4
Q

What is the definition of movement in limbs

A

Change in angle subtended at any point

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5
Q

What are the 2 ways of classifying movements

A
  • Isometric vs Isotonic
  • Flexion vs Extension
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6
Q

What embryological layer of tissue forms a majority of the musculoskeletal system

A
  • The Mesoderm
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7
Q

What defines the different parts of the mesoderm and what are they called

A
  • Defined by their relative position to the midline
  • Paraxial mesoderm
  • Intermediate mesoderm
  • Lateral plate mesoderm
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8
Q

Name the 3 regions of the limb from proximal to distal and give an example of each using the arm

A
  • Stylopod - Humerus
  • Zeugopod - Ulna and Radius
  • Autopod - Wrist & Fingers
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9
Q

Slide 8

A

Slide 8

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10
Q

Name the 2 divisions of the human skeleton

A
  • Axial Skeleton
  • Appendicular Skeleton
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11
Q

What makes up the skeleton

A
  • Cartilage
  • Bones
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12
Q

What are the parts of the axial skeleton

A
  • Head
  • Vertebral column
  • Thoracic cage
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13
Q

What are the parts of the appendicular skeleton

A
  • 2 Upper limbs
  • 2 lower limbs
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14
Q

Name the 5 key points on a generic limb

A
  • Root of limb (where limb attaches to axial skeleton)
  • Proximal end of the limb (end of limb closer to axial skeleton)
  • Tip of limb (most distal point of limb)
  • Distal end of the limb (End of limb further away from axial skeleton)
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15
Q

Give layman and anatomical names for the divisions of the upper limb

A
  • Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
  • Brachium (arm)
  • Antebrachium (Forearm)
  • Wrist
  • Hand
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16
Q

What are the 4 major sub-divisions of the lower limb

A
  • The hip
  • The thigh
  • The leg
  • The foot
17
Q

Functions of upper limb

A
  • Reaching movements
  • Grabbing
  • Sensation
18
Q

Functions of lower limb

A
  • Support of bodyweight
  • Stability
  • Movement
19
Q

What forms the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Articulation of medial aspect of clavicle with the manubrium of sternum
20
Q

Why is the SC joint known as a modified synovial joint

A
  • It is a plane-style synovial joint with a fibrocartilage disk
21
Q

What forms the pectoral girdle

A
  • Articulation of the clavicle and scapula
22
Q

What forms the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Articulation of the glenoid fossa of the scapula with the head of the humerus (ball and socket)
23
Q

What 3 bones join to form the pelvis

A
  • Left innominate bone of the hip
  • Right innominate bone of the hip
  • Sacrum
24
Q

What are the 3 joints of the pelvis called

A
  • 2 Sacroiliac joints - fibrous joints
  • 1 Pubic symphysis - Cartilaginous joint (does not ossify)
25
Q

What does the hormone relaxin do

A

Loosens the joints of the pelvis in preparation for childbirth

26
Q

What 3 bones make up the innominate bone of the hip

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
27
Q

What is the name of the depression the bones of the innominate bone produce when joined together and where do they unite

A
  • Form the Acetabulum
  • Unite at tri-radiate cartilage
28
Q

Describe the order of layering tissue in the limbs

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • Periosteum
  • Bone
  • Medullary cavity
  • Endosteum
  • Deep fascia
29
Q

What acts as anatomical evidence of limbs as appendages of the body

A
  • Dermatomes of the thorax and upper limb
30
Q

N

A

A