Applied anatomy and physiology (cardiovascular and respiratory system Flashcards
What is the pulmonary circuit?
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs and oxygenated to heart.
what is systemic circuit?
carries oxygenated blood to body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
how does blood travel through pulmonary circuit?
blood circulates through pulmonary artery to lungs and pulmonary veins to heart.
how does blood travel through systemic circuit?
blood circulates through aorta to body and vena cava back to heart.
how would you be able to tell if someone’s heart is efficient or not?
the lower the resting heart rate of an individual the higher efficiency their heart has, but high their resting heart rate is the lower their heart efficiency is.
what separate’s the heart into left and right? And why?
the septum to prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
(The oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is by each side so the heart is also called dual pump).
where are the AV and the SL valves located?
Atrio-Ventricular (AV)
Between Atria and Ventricles
Semi-Lunar (SL)
Between Ventricles and exiting blood vessels
what is the path of the blood through the heart?
Left side of heart:
1). Blood oxygenated at lungs and brought back to left atria (through Pulmonary vein).
2). blood move from left atria AV valve (tricuspid) into left ventricle
3). blood is forced out of left side of heart into aorta.
4). aorta carries the blood to muscles and organs.
Right side of heart:
1). deoxygenated blood arrive from muscles and organs into right atria through vena cava.
2). Moves from right atria through AV valve (tricuspid) into right ventricle.
3). blood is force out of right ventricle into pulmonary artery.
4). pulmonary artery carries this deoxygenate blood to lungs.
what is the conduction system?
it is the specialized muscle cells that are found in heart which creates its own electrical impulse and send signals to the whole heart.
why are cardiac muscles myogenic?
because it has the capacity to generate its own electrical impulses which is passed through muscle walls to cause contraction of cardiac muscles.
what are the 5 structures through which the electrical impulse passes?
1). Sino-atrial node (SA node) located in right atrial wall, generates electrical impulse, fires it through atria wall , this causes the walls to contract.
2). Atrio-ventricular node (AV node), collects the impulse and delays it for about 0.1 second, allows atria to finish contracting, then the impulse is release to The Bundle of His.
3). Bundle of His located in septum, split the impulse into 2, then ready to distribute it to each ventricle.
4).Bundle branches carries impulses to base of ventricles.
5). Purkyne fibres distribute the impulses through ventricle walls to cause them contract.
how many beats does the 5 structure of conduction system represent?
1beat
What is the cardiac diastole?
it is the relaxation of the cardiac muscles firstly atria and than ventricles
What is the cardiac systole?
it is the contraction of cardiac muscles firstly atria and than ventricles.
stages of Diastole?
as atria and ventricle relaxes, they expand and draws blood in atria, the pressure in atria increases so AV valve opens, blood passively enters ventricle and SL valves are closed to prevent blood from leaving heart.
stages of Atrial systole?
Atria contracts to force the remaining blood into ventricle.
stages of ventricular systole?
Ventricles contracts, increasing the pressure closing the AV valve to prevent backflow into atria, SL valves are forced open as blood is ejected from ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
What is Heart Rate?average HR?
The number of times the cardiac cycle completes in 1 minute.
Average HR: 72 beats per minute.
What is HR figure effected by?
It is effected by Gender, Genetic, and largely Fitness.
What is the term that describes athletes with HR lower than 60 (bpm)?
Bradycardia and it can result from hypertrophy of the cardiac muscles.
Equation for HR?
HR = 220 - Age
define Stroke Volume (SV).
Stroke Volume is the volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per beat.
define Stroke Volume (SV).
Stroke Volume is the volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per beat.
How does the Stroke Volume (SV) occurs in left ventricle?
Occurs during ventricular systole, as ventricle walls contracts blood is ejected into AORTA.
What is the average SV?
Average SV is 70ml but in trained athlete its abit higher.
