Applications Flashcards
Factor Analytic
Factor analysts begin with an empirical database consisting of the intercorrelation of a large number of items or tests.
They then factor analyze these intercorrelations, typically to find the minimum number of factors that account for as much of the variability in the data as possible. They then attempt to label these factors by ascertaining what the items related to a particular factor have in common.
Cattell – 16F
took all adjectives that could describe
people, and reduced them
4504 “real” traits
171 terms
36 dimensions (surface traits)
16 factors
16PF
Five-factor model of personality
Extroversion
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Openness to experience
e.g. NEO-PI – emphasis on POSITIVE personality
traits
Conscientiousness (achievement and
dependability) –
Correlates with:
performance in all occupations
Effective styles of coping
Satisfaction with Life
Neuroticism
Negatively correlated with:
performance (accounts for less than
conscientiousness, though)
Effective styles of coping
Satisfaction with life
Openness
Correlated with crystallized intelligence
which 3 factors predict success in some job settings
Openness, agreeableness and extraversion
The Dark Triad
- Narcissism
- Machiavellianism
- Psychopathy
Narcissism
Correlates with
Extraversion (.42)
Openness (.38)
Agreeableness (-.36) Negatively
Machiavellianism
Correlates with
Agreeableness (-.47) negatively
Conscientiousness (.34)
Psychopathy
Correlates with
Extraversion (.34)
Agreeableness ( -.25) negatively
Conscientiousness (.24)
Neuroticism (.-34) negatively
Openness (.24)
Satisfaction with life Scale
Below are five statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item by
placing the appropriate number on the line preceding that item. Please be open and honest in your responding
31 - 35 Extremely satisfied
* 26 - 30 Satisfied
* 21 - 25 Slightly satisfied
* 20 Neutral
* 15 - 19 Slightly dissatisfied
* 10 - 14 Dissatisfied
* 5 - 9 Extremely dissatisfied
SWLS has been found to be positively correlated with healthy psychological and social functioning and negatively associated with measures of psychological distress
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
measure two orthogonal dimensions of affect: positive and negative affect
Each scale consists of 10 adjectives such as distressed, interested, guilty, afraid, and nervous
respondents are asked to rate the extent to which their moods have mirrored the feelings described by each adjective during a specified period of time
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Personality Test often used in business settings
Theoretically constructed test, based on Jung’s
theory of psychology types – four ways to know
the world:
Sensing, intuition, feeling, thinking.
(plus introversion/extroversion)
E/I
Extroversion/Introversion
S/N (Perceiving functions)
Sensing/Intuition
T/F (Judging functions)
Thinking/Feeling
J/P (Lifestyle)
Judging/Perception
End up with a “personality type”
Problems with reliability, validity, factor
structures, susceptibility to faking
Weschler/Binet vs. alternatives
- Can test differently abled individuals (e.g.
hearing impaired, visually impaired, motor
impaired) - Also less language based (better for language
impaired, non-native speakers) - Many don’t require as much examiner training
CELF (preschool)
Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals.
(also other version for age 5-21)
- Global Score
– Receptive and Expressive subscores
- Designed to test for language disorders (but
does assess over full range, from disordered
Test-retest reliability between .7 and .9 for the
various subscales
* Internal consistency (alpha) .69 - .91
* Validity – correlates highly with similar
instruments
Tests for Infants
- Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (BNAS)
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler
Development - (also Gessell Development Schedules (GDS)
and Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale (CIIS; but
these two are not as useful
Brazelton
Age: 3 days – 4 weeks
* Tests “newborn’s competence”
* 47 scores (27 behavioural, 20 elicited)
* Neurological, social, behavioural
* (e.g. reflexes, motor skills, cuddliness, etc)
Good interrator reliability (if trained), K = .85-.90
Uses of Brazelton - pros
Good interrater reliability (if trained), K = .85-
.90
- Useful for research. (e.g. what are the
characteristics of babies with or without
various prenatal factors).
Brazelton Problems
NO standardized sample. Can tell if one child
does better an another, but can’t tell
percentiles
Test-retest reliability not as good.
- Does NOT predict later intelligence well (this is
true of all infant tests), so construct and
predictive validity problems
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler
Development
Age 1 – 42 months
- Based on normative maturational
development data - Well standardized, so have normative data,
can test a child, and see where they are in the
distribution for children their age. - Internal reliability quite high
Domains Tested
* Cognitive
* Language
* Motor
* Socioemotional
* Adaptive
(factor analysis confirms at least cognitive,
language and motor)
- Scaled Scores
- Composite Scores
- Percentile ranks
(for all scales)
Developmental Age and Growth Scores for
cognitive, language and motor.
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler
Development
Prediction of later intelligence on a Weschler
or Binet is low, for kids in normal ranges
- HOWEVER, for infants 2+ sd below the means,
is a good predictor of future serious
developmental delays. - Can help assess Down’s Syndrome, Cerebral
Palsy, Pervasive Developmental Disorder,
language impairment, plus problems from
other prenatal issues.
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Tests (PPVT)
Age: 2yo-90yo.
- Receptive vocabulary test
Point to the picture that represents the word
- Doesn’t require a verbal response, no reading
ability - Well standardized over all listed ages (in US).
- Split half reliability of .86-.97
- Test re-test .91-.94
- Validity (correlation with WISC verbal IQ) r =
.91
– Can help test language impairments/learning
problems, neurocognitive deficits, need for
special education, etc
* NOT a substitute for a whole Weschler or
Binet.
* Can underestimates IQ for people with
serious developmental delays, OR who are
gifted. (both in kids and adults).
