Application of Anatomy

Question 1

Define evolution

Answer 1

Animals and species changing and adapting over time

Question 2

What causes current animals to be different from their ancestors?

Answer 2

Adaptive modifications

Question 3

Define evolutionary convergence

Answer 3

Animals living in similar circumstances evolve similar structures to solve similar problams

Question 4

What is mean by homology similarities?

Answer 4

Structures from same embryonic origin but may have different functions

Question 5

What type of similarity is convergent evolution and explain what it means?

Answer 5

Analogy, structures have the same function but come from different embryonic origin

Question 6

Define speciation

Answer 6

Individuals from single population diverge to become distinct populations which no longer meet species definitions

Question 7

Define biome

Answer 7

Worlds major communities of living

Question 8

What is the specific area and animal is found called, including living and non-living factors?

Answer 8

Habitat

Question 9

Define a niche

Answer 9

Environmental conditions that define species requirements to practice their way of life

Question 10

Define extinction

Answer 10

Species no longer exists

Question 11

List causes of extinction

Answer 11

Human activity
Loss of prey
Competition
Natural disasters
Climate change

Question 12

What is mass extinction?

Answer 12

Large number of species go extinct in a short period of time

Question 13

Define extant

Answer 13

Animals still living in present

Question 14

How can we interpret information about extinct animals lives?

Answer 14

Form-function relationships allow us to infer habitats.

Anatomical inferences come from fossils as soft tissue information is limited

Question 15

What are generalist anaimals?

Answer 15

Animals that survive in a wide variety of conditions and resources

Question 16

What type of animals can only survive in a narrow range of conditions with limited variety of resources?

Answer 16

Specialists

Question 17

What desert conditions do those animals need to overcome?

Answer 17

Little water
Very hot at day and very cold at night
Unstable, dusty surfaces

Question 18

How are animals adapted to living in freezing conditions?

Answer 18

Small SA:V- short limbs, body fat stores and small ears
Insulation- body fat and feathers
Counter current heat exchange feet

Question 19

Explain how counter current flow works in the feet of penguins

Answer 19

Blood runs parallel in and out so blood cools as reaches feet and warms up as enters the body again. Minimises heat loss

Question 20

How do nasal conchae help preserve heat?

Answer 20

Complex and high surface area to condense heat and water