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appendicular skeleton Flashcards

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0
Q

Supportive girdles

A

Pectoral

Pelvic

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1
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Allows us to move and manipulate objects

Limbs
Supportive girdle

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2
Q

Pectoral girdles

A

Positions the shoulders and supports arm

Provides base for arm movement

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3
Q

Parts of the pectoral girdle

A

-2 clavicles ; attached to scapula and sternum

-2 scapulae
Articulates with humerus

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4
Q

Pectoral girdle is very loose; highly flexible but easily

A

Dislocated

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5
Q

Pectoral girdle connects with axial skeleton only at

A

Manubrium (sternoclavicular joint) of sternum

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6
Q

Clavicles

A

Are long S-shaped bones

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7
Q

Originates at the manubrium and articulates with the scapulae

A

Clavicles

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8
Q

Sternal end is

A

Rounded

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9
Q

Acromial end is

A

Flattened

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10
Q

Inferior surface bears lines and tubercles for muscle attachment

A

Clavicles

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11
Q

Scapula

A

Is broad,flat triangular bone; articulates with the arm and collarbone

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12
Q

Scapula

Body

A
  • superior border
  • medial border (vertebral border)
  • lateral border (axial lath border)
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13
Q

Scapular head

A

Holds gleniod cavity

  • acromion process -end of the scapular spine
  • coracoid process- muscle attachment
  • gleniod fossa- articular depression
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14
Q

Humerus

A

Is the long, upper armbone that articulates with the pectoral girdle

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15
Q

Head/neck(proximal epiphysis)

A

Greater tubercle (shoulder tip) is for muscle attachmen

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16
Q

Surgical neck

A

Corresponds to the metaphysics

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17
Q

Shaft

A

Deltoid tuberosity-attaches deltoid muscle

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18
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

-capitulum; articulates with radius
-trochlea; articulates with ulna
Coronoid/olecranon fossa accepts ulnar projections
-lateral and Medial epicondyles

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19
Q

Antebrachium

A

Forearm

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20
Q

Radius

A

Is the lateral bone of the forearm

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21
Q

Radius

Disk-shaped radial head allows

A

Rotation with the humerus

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22
Q

Radius

Radial tuberosity

A

Attaches biceps; allows flexing of forearm

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23
Q

Radius

Styloid process

A

Stabilizes wrist joints

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24
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm

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25
Q

Ulna

C-shaped

A

Trochlear notch forms the hinge-joint of the elbow

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26
Q

Olecranon superior end

A

Is point of elbow

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27
Q

Ulna

Radial notch

A

Depression allowing articulation of radial head

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28
Q

Ulna

Styloid process

A

Is bony postrusion of wrist

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29
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

The membrane is the ligament that attaches radius to ulna and transfers force to ulna from radius then to humerus

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30
Q

Carpals

A

Form the wrist

Allow flexion, extension, abduction and addiction

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31
Q

Carpals 2 rows of?

A

4bones each

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32
Q

Carpals

Proximal row

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform

33
Q

Carpals

Distal row

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

34
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the fingers

35
Q

Fingers

A

Proximal , middle , and distal phalanx

36
Q

Thumb(pollex)

A

Only proximal and distal phalanx

37
Q

Metacarpals

A

Are bones of the palm

38
Q

Metacarpals numbered

A

I-V from the thumb to pink

39
Q

Metacarpals. Support and articulate with

40
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Is strong and bears body weight and stress of movement

41
Q

Pelvic bone made up of

A

2 hipbones (ossa coxae)

42
Q

Ossa coxae

A

Are made up of 3 fused bones

43
Q

Ossa coxae 3fused bones

A

Ilium- articulates with sacrum
Ischium
Pubis

44
Q

Ossa coxae articulations

A

Joined to the vertebral column at the sacroiliac joint

Acetabulum is the hip socket

45
Q

Ilium

A

The largest of the hipbones

46
Q

Ilium

Illiac crest

A

Allows for muscle attachment

47
Q

Ilium

Greater sciatic notch

A

Pathway for sciatic nerve

48
Q

Ischium

A

Ischial tuberosity

Posterior projection you sit on

49
Q

Pubis

A

Smallest of the hipbones

50
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Gap between pubic tubercles padded with ffibrocartlage

51
Q

Pelvis

A

Consists of 2 ossa coxae, the sacrum, and the coccyx stabilized by ligaments of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae

52
Q

2 parts of the pelvis

A

True pelvis
Encloses pelvic cavity

False pelvis
Blades of ilium above arcuate line

53
Q

Pelvic girdle and the pelvis

A

Are not the same anatomic structures

54
Q

Male pelvis

A

-heavier with upper pelvis nearly vertical
Prominent muscle and ligament attachment sites
-pelvic inlet heart shaped
-narrow and deep pubic arch 90degrees

55
Q

Female pelvis

A

-smoother and lighter
Less prominent muscle and ligament attachments
-wide pubic inlet and out let that is round or oval
-broad pubic arch 120 degrees
-ilia project laterally not upwards
-less curvature of sacrum and coccyx

56
Q

Forensic study of skeleton

A
  • muscle strength and mass bone ridges, bone mass
  • medical history condition of teeth healed fractures
  • sex and age bone measurements
  • body size
57
Q

Femur

A

Longest and heaviest bone of the body;articulates with the acetabulum and tibia

58
Q

Femur

Has

A

Head/neck
Shaft
Distal epiphysis

59
Q

Head/neck of femur (proximal epiphysis)

A
  • fovea capitis-ligament attachment to acetabulum

- greater/lesser trochanters attach powerful hip muscle

60
Q

Shaft of femur

A

Linea appear is a posterior prominent ridge of shaft

61
Q

Distal epiphysis femur

A
  • medial/lateral epicondyles widest point of femur above the knee joint
  • medial/lateral condyles-articular surface of knee
62
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

Is a triangular shaped sesamoid bone

63
Q

Patella is formed in?

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon

64
Q

Parts of the patella

A

Base-attaches quadriceps femoris tendon

Apex-attaches patellar ligament

65
Q

Leg

A

Supports the weight of the body

66
Q

Tibia

A

The largest of the leg bones and is weight bearing;medial to fibula

Head -(proximal epiphysis) medial and lateral tibial condyles

Shaft -anterior crest for muscle attachment

Distal epiphysis -medial malleous (medial ankle)

67
Q

Fibula

A

Stabilizes the ankle and attaches muscle of the feet and toes

68
Q

Interosseous membrane bind fibula to

A

Tibia and is identical to intros serous membrane of radius and ulna

69
Q

Tarsus means

70
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Ae shaped and arranged differently from carpal bones due to load bearing role of the ankle

71
Q

Important tarsus bones

A

Talus

Calcaneus

72
Q

Talus

A

Most superior tarsal bone that forms ankle joint with tibia and fibula

Sits upon calcaneus

73
Q

Calcaneus

A

Forms heel and transfers weights to ground

Achilles’ tendon of gastrocnemius attaches here

74
Q

Foot

A

Bones of the foot are similar in name and arrangement to the hand

75
Q

Metatarsals

A

Numbered I-V from medial to lateral

76
Q

Phalanges

A

2 in a great toe (hallux)
Proximal and distal

3 in All other toes

Proximal middle and distal

77
Q

Sole of foot

A

Is arched and not flat on the ground

78
Q

Arches absorb stress and?

A

Transfer weight from 1 part of the foot to other

79
Q

3 springy arches

A

-medial longitudinal arch
Heel to hallux

-lateral longitudinal arch
Heel to little toe-weight transferring

-transverse arch
Form by difference in curvature between medial and lateral part of the foot

80
Q

Arches held together by short, strong ligaments

A

Weakened ligaments results is pes planis

81
Q

Pes planis is?

Anatomny (6 decks)

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