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GENERAL ANATOMY > APPENDICULAR SKELETON > Flashcards

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the upper extremities? and what are these?

A

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Ulna & Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

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2
Q

This consists of the clavicle anteriorly & the scapula posteriorly. It functions as an attachment for the upper extremities to the axial skeleton, and for attachment of muscles that move the upper limbs.

A

Pectoral or Shoulder girdle

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3
Q

This is also known as “collar bones” there are 2 in number; this is slender and s-shaped bones; it articulates s with the sternum medially & scapula laterally; it act as braces & for anchoring muscles

A

Clavicles

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4
Q

This is also known as “shoulder blade”, there are 2 in number; this is thin, triangular flat bones located at the back; it lies on the dorsal surface of the rib cage between ribs 2 & 7

A

Scapula

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5
Q

BORDERS OF SCAPULAE:

This is the shortest and the sharpest border.

A

Superior border

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6
Q

BORDERS OF SCAPULAE:

This is parallel to the vertebral column.

A

Medial or Vertebral border

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7
Q

BORDERS OF SCAPULAE:

This abuts the armpits.

A

Lateral or axillary border

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8
Q

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This is the superior, lateral, and inferior.

A

3 angles

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9
Q

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This receives the head f the humerus

A

Glenoid cavity

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10
Q

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This articulates with the clavicle

A

Acromion

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11
Q

FEATURES OF THE SCAPULA:

This anchors the biceps muscles

A

Coracoid process

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12
Q

This crosses obliquely on the dorsal surface and separates the scapula into 2 fossae.

A

Scapular spine

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13
Q

FOSSAE OF SCAPULAR SPINE:

This is the origin for subscapularis muscle.

A

Supraspinatous fossae

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14
Q

FOSSAE OF SCAPULAR SPINE:

This is where the infraspinatus muscle is located

A

Infraspinatous fossae

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15
Q

This is also known as “arm bone”, there are 2 in number; it is the sole bone of the arm; the largest & longest bone of the upper extremity.

A

Humerus

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16
Q

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the head & greater tuberosity, bicipital groove

A

Proximal end

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17
Q

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the anatomical and surgical neck

A

Neck

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18
Q

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the deltoid tuberosity and radial groove

A

Shaft

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19
Q

PARTS OF THE HUMERUS:

This is the medial & lateral epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid & radial fossa

A

Inferior

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20
Q

Together with radius forms the bones of the
forearm; this is the medial forearm bone; it is slightly longer than the radius; it resembles a wrench (bottle opener).

A

Ulna

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21
Q

What are the 2 prominent processes of the ulna?

A

Olecranon process and coronoid process

22
Q

This is lateral forearm bone; it lies opposite of the ulna; it is thin at the proximal end & wide distally; it forms the radio-carpel joint at the wrist and the radio-ulnar joint at the elbow; features: ulnar notch

A

Radius

23
Q

There are 8 bones on each hand; it is the proximal part of the hand.

A

Carpals

24
Q

What are the wrist bones in the proximal row of carpals?

A

Navicular (scaphoid), lunate, triquetral, and pisiform

25
Q

What are the wrist bones in the distal row of carpals?

A

Greater multangular (trapezium), lesser multangular (trapezoid), capitate, and hamate

26
Q

This is also known as the “palm bones”; there are 10 in number.

A

Metacarpals

27
Q

This is also known as the “finger bones”; there are28 in number.

A

Phalanges

28
Q

How many bones are there in the lower extremities? and what are these?

A

There are 62 in number and this consists of: hip bone, femur, patella, tibia & fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

29
Q

This is also known as “hip girdle”; it is formed by the hip bones anteriorly & laterally & sacrum posteriorly; it attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton; it transmits the weight of the upper body to the lower limbs; it supports the visceral organs of the pelvis

A

Pelvic girdle

30
Q

There are 2 in number of this bone; it is irregular in shape; the fusion of ilium, ischium & pubis

A

Pelvic or hip bones

31
Q

What are the 3 important features of pelvic bones?

A

Illiac crest, acetabulum, and ischial tuberosity

32
Q

PARTS OF HIP BONES:

This is the edge of the pelvic inlet.

A

Pelvic brim

33
Q

PARTS OF HIP BONES:

This marks the boundary between the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet

34
Q

This is the only bone in the thigh; the largest, longest & strongest bone in the body; main function of it is weight bearing & gait stability; it acts as the site of origin & attachment of many muscles & ligaments

A

Femur

35
Q

This is also known as the “knee bone”; it is a sesamoid bone; located in the quadriceps tendon; protects the knee & connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the tibia; it covers & protects the knee joint

A

Patella

36
Q

This is also known as the “sheen bone”; it is the medial leg bone; it receives the weight of the body from the femur & transmit it to the foot; the second to the femur in size & strength

A

Tibia

37
Q

This is also known as the “splint bone”; there are 2 in number; it is sticklike bone with slightly expanded ends; lateral leg bone; does not bear weights

A

Fibula

38
Q

This is also known as the “ankle bones”; there are 14 in number; it supports the body weight; it acts as lever to propel the body forward during walking & running

A

Tarsarls

39
Q

What are the bones in the tarsarls?

A

Talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform (medial), intermediate (lateral)

40
Q

This is the long bones on each foot.

A

Metatarsus

41
Q

This plays an important role in supporting body weight.

A

1st metatarsus

42
Q

This is smaller than those of the fingers; there are 3 phalanges in each digit except the hallux or great toe

A

Phalanges

43
Q

This is the area of union between 2 or more bones; it is classified based on: material between the bones and degree of movement allowed

A

Joints (arthroses)

44
Q

This is the bones held together by fibrous connective tissue; it is immovable; it is also called SYNARTHROSES
EX: SUTURE

A

Fibrous joints

45
Q

This is held by cartilage; it is slightly movable; also called AMPHITHROSES
EX: SYMPHYSIS PUBIS INTERVERTEBRAL DISK

A

Cartilagenous joints

46
Q

This is a cavity (synovial cavity) filled with fluids is found between bones; freely movable; also called DIARTHROSES
EX: MOST JOINTS IN THE BODYEXTREMITIES

A

Synovial joints

47
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

This allows movement in many different directions.
EX: SHOULDER JOINT

A

Ball and socket joint

48
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

This allows movement in one direction
EX: ELBOW & KNEE JOINT

A

Hinge joints

49
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

This allows rotation around the length of the bone
EX: ATLANTOAXIAL JOINTS

A

Pivot joint

50
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

This allows movement in 2 different directions
EX: WRIST JOINT

A

Condyloid joint

51
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

This is like condyloid joint but with deeper articulating surface.
EX: CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THE THUMB

A

Saddle joint

52
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

This is when the bones slide over one another
EX: CARPAL JOINTS & TARSAL JOINTS

A

Gliding joint

GENERAL ANATOMY (4 decks)

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