Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

Moveable limbs

Pectoral and pelvic girdles - for support

Question 2

What is the purpose of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

Key role in movement

Question 3

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Answer 3

Scapula (2 bones)
Clavicle (2 bones)
The upper limb

Question 4

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

Answer 4

Hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Sacrum
Coccyx 
Acetabulum cavity
The lower limb

Question 5

What are the types of bones and what are some examples of each?

Answer 5

Long bones - femur, humerus, fibula, phalanges
Short bones - carpals, tarsals 
Flat bones - sternum, skull
Irregular bones - vertebrae
Sesamoid bones - patella

Question 6

Describe the parts of the long bone

Answer 6

Articular cartilage - smooth for movement, nothing attached, no blood supply, located on ends of long bone, smooth surface to reduce friction in joint
Periosteum - very fibrous/rough, tissues, tendons attach. Rough surface for attachment, the outside layer of diaphysis
Medullary cavity - red marrow (blood cells are produced). Yellow marrow (fat cells and connective tissue, nothing to do w/ blood)
Cancellous (sponge) bone - absorbs impacted, located on outside/end of the long bone
Compact bone - dense/solid, shaft/diaphysis, provides structure/stability
Trabeculae - makes up spongey bone (density), bone fibres

Question 7

How can the cancellous bone and compact bone be strengthened,

Answer 7

Through resistance training, where pressure is put on the bone (running, lifting weights etc.)