APP Flashcards
What class of airspace is CAS-T?
Class D
In relation to the establishment of CAS-T for a royal flight, describe the dimensions of the temporary control zones and for what period they will be active?
Temporary Control Zones: Temporary control zones will be established around aerodromes of departure and destination for a period (for outbound flights) of 15 minutes before, until 30 minutes after the ETD, or (for inbound flights) for a period of 15 minutes before until 30 minutes after the ETA at the aerodrome concerned. The lateral and vertical limits will be designated to meet the specific requirements of the Royal Flight. Overall control of these control zones is to be exercised, as appropriate, by the Commanding Officer of a military aerodrome or the ATS authority of a civil aerodrome.
Temporary Control Area: Temporary control areas will be established in the shape of a corridor to join temporary or permanent control zones or control areas, as appropriate, for a period 15 minutes before ETA at the start point until 30 minutes after ETD from the end/departure point of the established area. The lateral and vertical limits will be designated to meet the specific requirements of the Royal Flight. The controlling authority will be the appropriate civil or military ACC or notified ATSU.
What is the definition of a basic service?
A Basic Service is an ATS provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. This may include weather information, changes of serviceability of facilities, conditions at aerodromes, general airspace activity information, and any other information likely to affect safety. The avoidance of other traffic is solely the pilot’s responsibility.
Can you provide a Procedural Service below the terrain safe level?
Yes
What is the definition of a Procedural service?
A Procedural Service is an ATS where, in addition to the provisions of a Basic Service, the controller provides restrictions, instructions, and approach clearances, which if complied with, shall achieve deconfliction minima against other aircraft participating in the Procedural Service. Neither traffic information nor deconfliction advice can be passed with respect to unknown traffic
What is essential traffic information and what elements shall it include?
Essential traffic is traffic which is separated for any period by less than the specified standard separation. It is normally passed in situations when ATS surveillance systems are not available.
Essential traffic information passed to an aircraft shall include:
(1) Direction of flight of conflicting aircraft;
(2) Type of conflicting aircraft;
(3) Cruising level of conflicting aircraft and ETA for the reporting point, or for aircraft passing through the level of another with less than the normal separation; the ETA for the reporting point nearest to where the aircraft will cross levels; and
(4) Any alternative clearance.
What are the reduced separations in the vicinity of an Aerodrome?
In the vicinity of aerodromes, the standard separation minima may be reduced if:
(1) adequate separation can be provided by the aerodrome controller when each aircraft is continuously visible to this controller; or
(2) each aircraft is continuously visible to the pilots of other aircraft concerned and the pilots report that they can maintain their own separation; or
(3) when one aircraft is following another, the pilot of the succeeding aircraft reports the other aircraft is in sight and can maintain their own separation.
When can pilots be cleared for a visual approach?
To expedite traffic at any time, IFR flights, either within or outside controlled airspace, may be authorised to execute visual approaches if the pilot reports that visual reference to the surface can be maintained and
(1) the reported cloud ceiling is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment; or
(2) the pilot reports at any time after commencing the approach procedure that the visibility will permit a visual approach and landing, and a reasonable assurance exists that this can be accomplished.
Controllers shall not clear an aircraft for a visual approach when the RVR is less than 800m. If a pilot requests a visual approach when the RVR is less than 800m, controllers shall inform the pilot that this type of approach is unavailable and request the pilot’s intentions.
Note: Where IRVR systems are employed, the touchdown value is used to trigger the above procedure. Transmissometer unserviceability and the impact on ATC procedures are detailed at Section 3 Chapter 3.
Can you provide a Procedural service to an aircraft which is operating VFR?
no
When must a pilot fly IFR?
A pilot must fly according to the IFR:
(1) If the airspace has been notified as Class A;
(2) If the meteorological conditions preclude VFR flight or (within a Control Zone) Special VFR flight.
When can an aircraft be instructed to climb or descend to a level previously occupied by another aircraft?
(1) vertical separation already exists;
(2) the vacating aircraft is proceeding to a level that will maintain vertical separation; and
(3) either:
(a) the controller observes that the vacating aircraft has left the level; or
(b) the pilot has reported vacating the level.
Under what conditions can you utilise a VMC climb or descent?
Controllers may authorise an aircraft to climb or descend in VMC provided:
(1) the manoeuvre is restricted to Class D, E, F and G airspace at or below FL100;
(2) it is during the hours of daylight;
(3) the aircraft is flying in visual meteorological conditions;
(4) the pilot of the aircraft climbing or descending agrees to maintain their own separation from other aircraft and the manoeuvre is agreed by the pilot of the other aircraft; and
(5) essential traffic information is given.
What conditions apply when using the 1 minute, departure separation?
Provided that the aircraft fly on tracks diverging by 45° or more
immediately after take-off. The minimum may be reduced when
aircraft are taking-off from independent diverging or parallel
runways provided the procedures have been approved by the
CAA.
What conditions apply when using the 2 minute departure separation?
Provided that:
(1) the preceding aircraft has filed a true airspeed 40 knots or
more faster than the following; and
(2) neither aircraft is cleared to execute any manoeuvre that
would decrease the 2-minute separation between them.
What conditions apply when using the 5 minute departure separations?
Provided that the preceding aircraft has filed a true airspeed of 20
knots or more faster than the following aircraft.
or
Provided that the 5 minutes separation is maintained up to a
reporting point, within or adjacent to a control zone or terminal
control area and the aircraft will subsequently be separated either:
(1) vertically;
(2) by tracks which diverge by 30° or more; or
(3) by ATS Surveillance.
Only to be used at locations approved by the CAA.
Define the transition level?
Transition level is the lowest Flight Level available for use above the transition altitude and shall be located at least a nominal 1,000 ft above the transition altitude to permit the transition altitude and the transition level to be used concurrently in cruising flight, with vertical separation ensured. Except where an alternative means of calculating the transition level is detailed within local instructions, the transition level may be determined from the table in Appendix A as follows:
(1) Within controlled airspace by the controlling authority, where it will normally be based on the QNH of the major aerodrome;
(2) Outside controlled airspace by the Aerodrome Operator, where it will be based on the aerodrome QNH.
Define the transition layer
Transition layer is the airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level. Within the UK, the first available flight level above the transition altitude is separated from the transition altitude by a minimum pressure interval corresponding to a nominal 1,000 ft.
Define the transition altitude?
Transition altitude is the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitude (or height when QFE is used). Wherever possible there is a common transition altitude for aerodromes within a control zone. Unless otherwise notified the transition altitude for civil aerodromes is 3,000 ft
What are the objectives of Air Traffic Services?
The objectives of the air traffic services shall be to:
(1) prevent collisions between aircraft;
(2) prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that area;
(3) expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic;
(4) provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights;
(5) notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required.
What are the minimum services provided by an ATCU in CAS-T airspace?
(a) Separate IFR flights from other IFR flights;
(b) Pass traffic information to IFR flights and SVFR flights on VFR flights and give traffic avoidance advice when requested;
(c) Pass traffic information to VFR flights on all other flights and provide traffic avoidance advice when requested.
What are the visual flight rules at or below 3000ft amsl or 1000ft above terrain whichever is higher, in Class G airspace?
Distance from cloud: 1500M horizontal and 1000ft vertical
Fight visibility of 5 KM
What are the visual flight rules at or below 3000ft in Class G airspace?
Fly clear of cloud and with the surface in site with a 5KM flight visibility.
What are the visual flight rules in Class G airspace for aircraft including helicopters, flying at 140 kt IAS or less
Fly clear of cloud and with the surface in site with a 1500M flight visibility.
Describe in detail track separation using specified tracks from an NDB?
Using specified tracks from an NDB. When one aircraft is the time equivalent
of 15 NM or 4 minutes (whichever is the greater) from an NDB and both
aircraft have reported established on tracks which diverge by 30° or more.
