App 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Extrernal abdominal oblique

A

Compresses abdominal contents , bilateral contraction causes flexion of vertebral column. Alone is bends vertebral column laterally and rotates it

Innervated by intercostal nerves T7-11 and subcostal T12
Origin from lower 8 ribs insertion into iliac crest,iliac spine and aponeuorosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal oblique

A

Compresses abdominal contents,bilateral contraction causes flexion of vertebral column,alone causes lateral bending and rotation

Innervated by T7-11 subcostal T12 and ilioinguinal L1

Origin from Inguinal ligament,iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia,inserts into last 3 or 4 ribs cartilage linea alba pubic crest and pectineal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Flexes vertebral column,tenses anterior abdominal wall and depresses ribs. Divided by tendinous intersections. Enclosed in posterior rectus sheath and anterior rectus sheath which instert into linea alba

Innervated by intercostal elves T7-11 and subcostal T12

Origim from pubic crest and pubic symphysis insertion from costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nine regions of abdomen

A

Divided by two vertical planes passing through midclavicular points and two transverse planes

Split into right hypochondriac region-epoigastric region-left hypochondriac region

Right lumbar region-umbilical region-left lumbar region

Right iliac region-hypogastric region-left iliac region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Thickened band of external oblique aponeurosis that extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Anchors muscles of lower abdominal wall and involved in hip movement
Femoral VAN pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inguinal canal

A

In males the spermatic cord passes through-contains vas deferens,testicular vein artery and nerves and lymphatics

In females the round ligament of uterus is the primary content

In both it contains ilioinguinal nerve which supplies sensation to skin,groin,labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inguinal hernias

A

Indirect-results from congenital defect where abdominal contents herniate through deep inguinal ring. Follows same path as spermatic chord or round ligament

Direct-weakness in posterior wall of inguinal canal in hesse,bachs triangle. Hernia bulges through abdominal wall and doesn’t pass through deep Inguinal ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the oesophagus enter

A

Through the oesophageal hiatus at T10

Supplied by gastric artery,left inferior phrenic artery

Drainage through left gastric vein,oesopgeal veins

Drain via gastric and celiac lymph nodes

PNS innervated through vagus nerve (anterior vagal trunk and posterior vagal trunk)

Sympathetic innervation-arise Tim greater splanchnic nerves T5-T9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stomach

A

In left upper quadrant extending into epigastric/umbilical region

Cardia-where oesophagus opens into stomach around T11

Fundus-dome shaped region filled with air

Body-largest part between the fundus and pyloric antrum

Pylorus-terminal part of stomach regulated by the sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sphincters of stomach

A

Lower Oesophageal sphincter-located at junction of oesophagus and stomach preventing reflux of gastric content

Pyloric sphincter-controls passage of chyme from stomach into duodenum preventing backflow of duodenal contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vascular supply of stomach

A

Arteries:
Left gastric artery: Branch of the celiac trunk that runs along the lesser curvature.
Right gastric artery: A branch of the common hepatic artery, also supplying the lesser curvature.
Left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery: Branch of the splenic artery, supplying the greater curvature.
Right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery: A branch of the gastroduodenal artery, supplying the greater curvature.
Short gastric arteries: Branches of the splenic artery that supply the fundus.
Venous drainage:
The venous drainage corresponds to the arterial supply:
Left and right gastric veins drain into the portal vein.
Left and right gastro-omental veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein, which contribute to the portal system.
Short gastric veins drain into the splenic vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymph drainage of stomach

A

Gastric lymph nodes (along the lesser curvature).
Gastro-omental lymph nodes (along the greater curvature).
Pancreaticosplenic nodes (along the splenic artery).
These lymph nodes eventually drain into the celiac lymph nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nerves supply of stomach

A

Via vagus nerve:anterior vagal trunk and posterioir vagal trunk

Sympathetic via greater splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Duodenum

A

Located in epogastric right hypochondriac regions if abdomen from L1-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Core stability posture and respiration

Origin from inguinal ligament,iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia. Inserts into linea alba,pubic crest,aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle
Innervate by T7-T11, T12 (SUBCOSTAL),L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psoas major

A

Origin from transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5
Insertion into lesser trochanter of femur
Supplied by anterior rami of L1-L3
allows flexion of hip joint,lumbar spine and stabilization of lumbar spine

17
Q

Psoas minor

A

Origin from bodies of T12-L1
Insertion unto pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence
Supplied by anterior rami of L1
Allows weak flexion of lumbar spine and stabilization

18
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin from iliac crest,iliac fossa of pelvis and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Insert into lesser trochanter of femur (fuses with psoas major to form iliopsoas muscle
Supplied by femoral nerve L2,L3
Allows flexion of bib joint and stabilization of pelvis

19
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Origin from iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion into 12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4
supplied by anterior rami of T12 and L1-L4 spinal nerves
Causes lateral flexion of trunk,extends lumbar spine and supports posture

20
Q

GI tract development

A

At 3-4 weeks gut tube develops (fore,mid,hindgut)
Branching if accessory organs
Abdominal aorta supplies
Foregut from coelic trunk
Midgut from superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut from inferiority mesenteric artery

21
Q

Foregut

A

Begins at abdominal oesophagus
Stomach
First part of duodenum
Ends at major duodenal papilla where pancreas and bile duct drain into duodenum

22
Q

Midgut

A

Major duodenal papilla and rest of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecume and appendix
Ascending colon
Ends at last third of transverse colon

23
Q

Hindgut

A

Last third of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Superior rectum

24
Q

Intra peritoneal organs

A

1st and 4th part of duodenum
Stomach
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Appendix
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Liver and gallbladder
Spleen
Tail of pancreas

25
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
Pancreas (minus tail)
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Superior rectum
Kidneys and ureters
Adrenal gland’s
Aorta and IVC
Abdominal oesophagus

26
Q

Omentum

A

Suspends organs
Double layered peritoneum attached to the stomach
Greater omentum attaches stomach to transverse colon
Lesser omentum attaches stomach to duodenum and liver

27
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layers of peitoneum attaching intestine to back of abdominal wall

28
Q

Blood supply for anterolateral abdominal wall and inervation

A

Superior epigastric arteries and inferior epigasttric arteries
T6-T12 spinal nerves

29
Q

What supplies the posterior abdominal wall

A

IVC
abdominal aorta

30
Q

Inmervation of parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

PP innervater by somatic nervous system and VP innervated by autonomic nervous system
Pain detected by somatic is localized and very severe and for visceral it’s dull poorly localized