Apoptosis and Cell Death Flashcards
What controls cell survival?
External signals
Mitogenic Factos
Survival Factors
What are the 3 fates of a cells?
- Proliferation
- Senescence (G0)
- Death
What are the two pathways of cell death?
Necrosis and Apoptosis
Describe the key features of Necrosis
Degenerative process
causes inflammatory response
occurs when there is damage to the cell, overwhelming amounts of toxicity
Describe the key features of Apoptosis
Programmed physiological, active, normal response
active switching of genes, causes cell to die
breakdown of internal components and digestion
nuclear DNA broken down
List the stages of apoptosis
- mild convolution, chromatin compaction and margination. condensation of cytoplasm, cytoskeleton collapses.
- breakup of nuclear envelope, nuclear fragmentation, nuclear chromatin condenses, membrane blabbing, cell fragmentation - apoptotic bodies
- membrane surface altered so neighbouring cell/macrophage engulfs them phagocytosis
What does necrosis do that apoptosis does not?
causes an inflammatory response
Describe the process of necrosis
cells swell and burst, spilling their contents over neighbouring cells, eliciting a inflammatory response.
Why is the phospholipid phosphatidylserine a marker to macrophages during apoptosis?
because it flips from the inside of the membrane to the outer surface
In the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, what does the mitochondria release?
Cytochrome C
What makes up the death receptors?
- extracellular liana-binding domain
- single transmembrane domain
- an intracellular death domain
What triggers the extrinsic apoptosis pathway?
extracellular signal porteins binding to the death receptor
What family is the death receptor from?
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family
What does DISC stand for and what apoptotic pathway is it involved in?
DISC= Death inducing signalling complex
Involved in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
