Apoptosis

Question 1

What is apoptosis?

Answer 1

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that occurs in multicellular organisms.

Question 2

True or False: Apoptosis is a form of necrosis.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of apoptosis? (a) Cell swelling (b) Chromatin condensation (c) Inflammation

Answer 3

b) Chromatin condensation

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Apoptosis is essential for maintaining __________ in the body.

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

What are caspases?

Answer 5

a protein that plays an essential role in programmed cell death.

Question 6

Name 2 pathway that triggers apoptosis.

Answer 6

Intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway.

Question 7

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Answer 7

Apoptosis is a controlled and energy-dependent process, while necrosis is uncontrolled and often results from injury.

Question 8

List one physiological role of apoptosis.

Answer 8

Removal of damaged or unnecessary cells.

Question 9

True or False: Apoptosis can lead to inflammation.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis is primarily triggered by __________.

Answer 10

death receptors

Question 11

Which type of cell death is characterized by cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation?

Answer 11

Apoptosis

Question 12

True or False: Apoptotic cells typically release their contents into the surrounding tissue.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What are the main phases of apoptosis?

Answer 13

Initiation, execution, and removal.

Question 14

Which protein is often associated with the initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway?

Answer 14

p53

Question 15

What is the term for the process of programmed cell death that occurs during normal tissue turnover?

Answer 15

Apoptosis

Question 16

Which cellular structures are typically involved in the execution phase of apoptosis?

Answer 16

Caspases

Question 17

What happens to the cell membrane during apoptosis?

Answer 17

It remains intact until the final stages, allowing for the orderly removal of the cell.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Apoptosis can be triggered by __________, such as DNA damage.

Answer 18

internal signals

Question 19

Which type of apoptosis is mediated by external signals?

Answer 19

Extrinsic apoptosis

Question 20

True or False: Apoptosis can occur in both healthy and diseased cells.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the impact of dysregulated apoptosis on cancer?

Answer 21

It can lead to tumorigenesis by allowing damaged cells to survive.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The __________ pathway is activated by intracellular stress signals.

Answer 22

intrinsic

Question 23

What does the term ‘caspase cascade’ refer to?

Answer 23

The sequential activation of caspases during the execution phase of apoptosis.

Question 24

What is the relationship between apoptosis and autoimmune diseases?

Answer 24

Dysregulated apoptosis can lead to the survival of autoreactive cells, contributing to autoimmune diseases.

Question 25

True or False: Apoptosis is a mechanism of cell proliferation.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What is the significance of apoptotic bodies?

Answer 26

They are remnants of dying cells that can be cleared by phagocytes without causing inflammation.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The __________ pathway is triggered by external signals like cytokines.

Answer 27

extrinsic

Question 28

What is the primary role of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

Answer 28

To respond to internal stress signals and initiate programmed cell death.