Aphasia Flashcards
3 types of Aphasias
Fluent
Nonfluent
Subcortical
What is the most common cause of aphasia
cerbralvascular accidents
This type of stroke is caused by a blocked or interrupted blood supply to the brain
Ischemic Strokes
blockage or interruption may be caused by two kinds or arterial disease
thrombosis or Embolism
This is a collection of blood material that blocks the brain
thrombus
this a traveling mass of arterial debris or a clump of tissue from a tumor that gets lodged in a smaller artery and thus blocks the flow of blood
embolism
These strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels
hemorrhagic strokes
A general definition of aphasia
a loss or impairment of language caused by a recent brain injury. comprehension and expression of language as well as reading and writing may be impaired
Caused by damage to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere of the brain.
Brocas aphasia
Brocas area is supplied by what artery
upper division of the middle cerebral artery
Can you have Brocas aphasia with an intact Brocas area?
yes
What are some different types of nonfluent aphasias?
Brocas,
Transcortical Motor Aphasia,
Mixed transcortical Aphasia
Global Aphasia
This nonfluent variety of aphasia is caused by lesions in the anterior superior frontal lobe often below or above Broca’s area which is not affected
Transcortical motor Aphasia
This nonfluent aphasia has intact repetition skills
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
these patients tend to exhibit such motor disorders as rigidity of upper extremities, absence or poverty of movement (akinesia), lowness of body movement (bradykinesia), buccofacial apraxia, and weakness of the legs.
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
this variety of nonfluent aphasia is caused by lesions in the watershed area of the arterial border zone
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (MTA)
this non fluent aphasia is characterized by severe echolalia
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (MTA)
this non fluent aphasia is characterized by severely impaired auditory comprehension
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (MTA)
caused by extensive lesions affecting all language areas (the perisylvian region)
Global Aphasia
What are the different types of fluent Aphasias
Wernickes Aphasia
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Anomic Aphasia
this Aphasia is caused by lesions to the wernicke area (the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere of the brain)
Wernickes aphasia
Wernickes area is supplied by what artery
the posterior branch of the left middle cerebral Artery
these patients are usually free from obvious neurologic symptoms such as paralysis
Wernicke Aphasia
this fluent aphasia is caused by lesions in the tempo parietal lobe especially in the posterior portion of the middle temporal gyrus
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
the transcortical sensory area is supplied by the
posterior branches of the left middle cerebral artery
whats the difference between Wernickes Aphasia and Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
repetition is intact with patients that have TSA
this aphasia is caused by lesions in the regions between Brocas and Wernickes; especially in the supramarginal gyrus and the arcuate fasciculus
Conduction Aphasia
Disproportionate impairment in repetition is a distinguishing impairment of this aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Unlike with Wernickes this type of fluent aphasia has good to normal auditory comprehension
Conduction Aphasia
the distinguishing factor for this one is that generally language functions except naming are relatively unimpaired
Anomic Aphasia
this type of aphasia is caused by lesions in the basal ganglia and surrounding structures in the left hemisphere
Subcortical Aphasias
What are some common Aphasia assessments
Boston Diagnostics Aphasia Examination (BDAE)
Western Aphasia Battery WAB
The Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia
Name two functional tests for Aphasia
ASHA functional assessment of communication skills for adults
Communicative abilities in Daily Living
Most current research shows treatment for Aphasia is
effective
If a patient has a lesion in this region than their prognosis is better
Posterior Superior Temporal Lobe (PST)
What are some ineffective ways to increase comprehension
Louder Speech and video presentations of stimuli
What is the term for loss of previously acquired reading skills due to recent brain damage
Alexia
term for difficulty in learning to read, this difficulty is often genetically based and is manifested in childhood.
Dyslexia
term for the loss or impairment of normally acquired writing skills due to lesions in the foot of the second frontal gyrus of the brain
Agraphia
Term for impaired understanding of the meaning of certain stimuli even though there is no peripheral sensory impairment –> patients can feel, hear, and see stimuli but can not understand their meaning.
Agnosia
Auditory Agnosia is characterized by
impaired understanding of the meaning of auditory stimuli
normal peripheral hearing
difficulty matching objects with their sounds
normal visual recognition of objects
Auditory Verbal Agnosia is characterized by
PURE WORD DEAFNESS impaired understanding of spoken words normal peripheral hearing normal recognition of nonverbal sounds normal recognition of printed words normal or near normal verbal expression and reading
Visual Agnosia is characterized by
impaired visual recognition of objects which may be intermittent
normal auditory or tactile recognition of objects
Tactile Agnosia is associated with
impaired tactile recognition of objects when visual feedback is blocked (blindfold)
impaired naming of objects client can feel with their hand
