APGOV Chapter 5 Key Terms- Selena Gomez Per. 6

Question 1

Harriet Tubman

Answer 1

Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She led more than seventy people to freedom in the North, served in the Union during the Civil War, and championed women’s suffrage

Question 2

abolitionist

Answer 2

A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of ending slavery

Question 3

civil rights

Answer 3

the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

Question 4

equal protection clause

Answer 4

Section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”

Question 5

Frederick Douglas

Answer 5

A former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist

Question 6

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 6

an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women’s rights movement

Question 7

Lucretia Mott

Answer 7

Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Question 8

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 8

The first major feminist meeting, held in New York in 1848, which produced the historic “Declaration of Sentiments” calling for equal rights for women

Question 9

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Answer 9

A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans

Question 10

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 10

President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation of January 1, 1863, in the third year of the civil war. It freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the United States

Question 11

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 11

One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically bans slavery in the United States

Question 12

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 12

One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens

Question 13

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 13

One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically enfranchised newly freed slaves

Question 14

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 14

Nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Later she formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which along with the National Woman’s Party helped to ensure ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 15

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 15

Passed by Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantees of equal protection to African Americans

Question 16

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 16

Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations

Question 17

poll taxes

Answer 17

Taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot

Question 18

grandfather clause

Answer 18

a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases

Question 19

Progressive Era (1890-1920)

Answer 19

a period of widespread activism to reform, political, economic,and social ills in the United States

Question 20

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 20

Supreme Court case that challenged a Louisiana statue requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the Court found that separate-but-equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 21

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 21

a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people

Question 22

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Answer 22

An important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans

Question 23

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 23

organization created by joining the National American Woman suffrage Associations

Question 24

Suffrage movement

Answer 24

The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth century until the ratification of the nineteenth amendment

Question 25

National women’s party

Answer 25

A militant suffrage organization founded in the early twentieth century. Members were arrested, jailed, and even force fed by authorities when they went on hunger strike to ensure voting rights for women

Question 26

Nineteenth amendment

Answer 26

Amendment to the constitution passed in 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote

Question 27

Brown v. Board of education

Answer 27

US Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the fourteenth amendment

Question 28

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 28

The thirty fourth president, a republican, who served 1953 to 1961

Question 29

Rosa parks

Answer 29

A leading civil rights activist of the twentieth century. Parks was most notably involved with the Montgomery Bus boycott

Question 30

Martin Luther king jr

Answer 30

A Baptist minister, proponent of nonviolence, and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement

Question 31

John F. Kennedy

Answer 31

The thirty fifth president a democrat who served from 1961 to 1963 and marked a generational shift in US politics at the height of the Cold War

Question 32

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 32

Wide ranging legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting

Question 33

National organization for women

Answer 33

The leading activist group of the women’s rights movement

Question 34

Eleanor roosevelt

Answer 34

First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

Question 35

Equal pay act of 1963

Answer 35

Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work

Question 36

Title IX

Answer 36

Provision of the education amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students

Question 37

Equal rights amendment

Answer 37

Proposed amendment to the constitution that states “Equality of rights under the law shall not be dinked or abridge by the United States or any state on account of sex”

Question 38

League of United Latin American citizens

Answer 38

An activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against and promote assimilation among Americans of Hispanic origin