APGOV Chapter 5 Key Terms- Selena Gomez Per. 6 Flashcards
Harriet Tubman
Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She led more than seventy people to freedom in the North, served in the Union during the Civil War, and championed women’s suffrage
abolitionist
A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of ending slavery
civil rights
the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals
equal protection clause
Section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”
Frederick Douglas
A former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women’s rights movement
Lucretia Mott
Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Convention
The first major feminist meeting, held in New York in 1848, which produced the historic “Declaration of Sentiments” calling for equal rights for women
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation of January 1, 1863, in the third year of the civil war. It freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the United States
Thirteenth Amendment
One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically bans slavery in the United States
Fourteenth Amendment
One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens
Fifteenth Amendment
One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically enfranchised newly freed slaves
Susan B. Anthony
Nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Later she formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which along with the National Woman’s Party helped to ensure ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Passed by Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantees of equal protection to African Americans
Jim Crow Laws
Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations
poll taxes
Taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot
grandfather clause
a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases
Progressive Era (1890-1920)
a period of widespread activism to reform, political, economic,and social ills in the United States
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Supreme Court case that challenged a Louisiana statue requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the Court found that separate-but-equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
separate-but-equal doctrine
a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
An important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans
National American Woman Suffrage Association
organization created by joining the National American Woman suffrage Associations
Suffrage movement
The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth century until the ratification of the nineteenth amendment
National women’s party
A militant suffrage organization founded in the early twentieth century. Members were arrested, jailed, and even force fed by authorities when they went on hunger strike to ensure voting rights for women
Nineteenth amendment
Amendment to the constitution passed in 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote
Brown v. Board of education
US Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the fourteenth amendment
Dwight D. Eisenhower
The thirty fourth president, a republican, who served 1953 to 1961
Rosa parks
A leading civil rights activist of the twentieth century. Parks was most notably involved with the Montgomery Bus boycott
Martin Luther king jr
A Baptist minister, proponent of nonviolence, and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement
John F. Kennedy
The thirty fifth president a democrat who served from 1961 to 1963 and marked a generational shift in US politics at the height of the Cold War
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Wide ranging legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting
National organization for women
The leading activist group of the women’s rights movement
Eleanor roosevelt
First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945
Equal pay act of 1963
Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work
Title IX
Provision of the education amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students
Equal rights amendment
Proposed amendment to the constitution that states “Equality of rights under the law shall not be dinked or abridge by the United States or any state on account of sex”
League of United Latin American citizens
An activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against and promote assimilation among Americans of Hispanic origin
