AP GOV Chapter 4 Key Terms- Selena Gomez Per. 6

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

an American statesman, politician, and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865

Question 2

Abolotionists

Answer 2

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery

Question 3

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 3

A series of laws passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote

Question 4

Bill of Attainder

Answer 4

an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial

Question 5

Bill of Rights

Answer 5

the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution

Question 6

Black Lives Matter

Answer 6

an international activist movement, originating in the African-American community, that campaigns against violence and systemic racism towards black people

Question 7

Burger Court

Answer 7

the Supreme Court of the United States from 1969 to 1986, when Warren Burger served as Chief Justice of the United States

Question 8

Capital Cases

Answer 8

a prosecution case for murder in which a jury is asked to decide whether a defendant should be put to death, if found guilty

Question 9

Civil Liberties

Answer 9

are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process

Question 10

Civil Rights

Answer 10

a class of rights that protect individuals’ freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals

Question 11

Clear and Present Danger Test

Answer 11

a doctrine adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States to determine under what circumstances limits can be placed on First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, or assembly

Question 12

DeJonge v. Oregon (1937)

Answer 12

a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause applies to freedom of assembly

Question 13

Direct Incitement Test

Answer 13

to determine when inflammatory speech intending to advocate illegal action can be restricted

Question 14

Double Jeopardy Clause

Answer 14

prohibits anyone from being prosecuted twice for substantially the same crime

Question 15

Due Process Clause

Answer 15

Due process deals with the administration of justice and thus the due process clause acts as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the government outside the sanction of law

Question 16

Due Process Rights

Answer 16

the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person

Question 17

Earl Warren

Answer 17

an American jurist and politician who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and earlier as the 30th Governor of California

Question 18

Eight Amendment

Answer 18

This amendment insures that the punishments for crimes are not excessive, cruel, or unusual

Question 19

Eighteenth Amendment

Answer 19

called for the banning of the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages

Question 20

Espionage Act

Answer 20

an act that made it illegal to write or speak anything critical of American involvement in the war

Question 21

Establishment Clause

Answer 21

designed to regulate payment of wages, hours of work, leave, holidays, terms of service and other work conditions of people employed in shop and commercial establishments

Question 22

exclusionary act

Answer 22

a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers

Question 23

ex post facto law

Answer 23

a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law

Question 24

First Amendment

Answer 24

guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition

Question 25

Fourth Amendment

Answer 25

prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 26

Fifth Amendment

Answer 26

imposes restrictions on the government’s prosecution of persons accused of crimes. It prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy and mandates due process of law

Question 27

Fighting words

Answer 27

written or spoken words intended to incite hatred or violence from their target

Question 28

Free exercise clause

Answer 28

reserves the right of American citizens to accept any religious belief and engage in religious rituals

Question 29

fundamental freedoms

Answer 29

freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, freedom of belief, freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association

Question 30

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Answer 30

a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution had extended the reach of certain limitations on federal government authority set forth in the First Amendment

Question 31

Grand jury

Answer 31

a jury, typically of twenty-three people, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial

Question 32

Hate speech

Answer 32

abusive or threatening speech or writing that expresses prejudice against a particular group, especially on the basis of race, religion, or sexual orientation

Question 33

incorporation doctrine

Answer 33

a constitutional doctrine through which the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution (known as the Bill of Rights) are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 34

lemon test

Answer 34

The three-part test enunciated in Lemon v. Kurtzman is used to assess whether a law violates the Establishment Clause

Question 35

libel

Answer 35

a published false statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation; a written defamation

Question 36

Miranda Rights

Answer 36

a type of notification customarily given by police to criminal suspects in police custody advising them of their right to silence; that is, their right to refuse to answer questions or provide information to law enforcement or other officials

Question 37

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 37

forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons.

Question 38

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 38

this case held that detained criminal suspects must be informed of their rights prior to police questioning

Question 39

Miller v. California (1973)

Answer 39

a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court wherein the court redefined its definition of obscenity from that of “utterly without socially redeeming value” to that which lacks “serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value”

Question 40

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)

Answer 40

A landmark decision in which the Supreme Court ruled that in order to prove libel, a “public official” must show that the newspaper acted “with ‘actual malice’–that is, with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard” for truth

Question 41

New York Times Co. v. U.S. (1971)

Answer 41

a landmark decision that made it possible for The New York Times and The Washington Post newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment

Question 42

Ninth Amendment

Answer 42

states that there are other rights that may exist aside from the ones explicitly mentioned, and even though they are not listed, it does not mean they can be violated

Question 43

Occupy Wall Street

Answer 43

a left-wing protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City’s Wall Street financial district, against economic inequality

Question 44

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)

Answer 44

a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of several Pennsylvania state statutory provisions regarding abortion was challenged

Question 45

Prior restraint

Answer 45

censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression

Question 46

right to privacy

Answer 46

an element of various legal traditions to restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals

Question 47

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Answer 47

a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions

Question 48

sedition laws

Answer 48

overt conduct, such as speech and organization, that tends toward insurrection against the established order.

Question 49

selective incorporation

Answer 49

a constitutional doctrine that ensures states cannot enact laws that take away the constitutional rights of American citizens that are enshrined in the Bill of Rights

Question 50

September 11th

Answer 50

series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001

Question 51

sixth amendment

Answer 51

the section of the Bill of Rights that guarantees a citizen a speedy trial, a fair jury, an attorney if the accused person wants one, and the chance to confront the witnesses who is accusing the defendant of a crime

Question 52

slander

Answer 52

the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person’s reputation

Question 53

substantive due process

Answer 53

principle allowing courts to protect certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if procedural protections are present or the rights are not specifically mentioned elsewhere in the US Constitution

Question 54

symbolic speech

Answer 54

a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it

Question 55

tenth amendment

Answer 55

any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states

Question 56

The Crown v. Zenger (1735)

Answer 56

a case that led to the freedom of press before the government was even formed

Question 57

undue burden test

Answer 57

Laws that impose an undue burden on a fundamental right are unconstitutional under current Supreme Court cases

Question 58

Warren Court

Answer 58

the period in the history of the Supreme Court of the United States during which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice

Question 59

Warren E. Burger

Answer 59

the 15th Chief Justice of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1986

Question 60

Whole Women’s Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)

Answer 60

a landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery of abortion services that create an undue burden for women seeking an abortion

Question 61

writ of habeas corpus

Answer 61

a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person