APES Unit 9 Vocab Flashcards
Catalytic Converter
reduces emissions of three things in car exhaust: Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons
Temprature Inversion
When warmer air or atmospheric changes cause the air near the earth to be cooler than air above
causing smog to stay lower to ground
Clean Air Act
Set standards for 6 pollutants, enforced regulations, phased out CFC’s.
Particulates
liquid or solid particles in the atmosphere
Kyoto Protocol
161 nations met in Japan to lower CO2 emissions. Not signed by USA.
Montreal Protocol
Stopped the use of CFC’s which contribute to ozone depletion
Paris Accord
conference to lower greenhouse gas emissions. not by trump
IPCC
International panel on climate change
Photochemical Smog
when sunlight reacts with particulates in the air
Thermal Expansion
when water expands as it heats because of increased energy of movement
Microclimate
climate that differs from a larger surrounding area. Urban areas have microclimates
Primary Pollutant
a pollutant emitted directly from a source.
Secondary Pollutant
Is a pollutant not directly emitted from a source.
Industrial Smog
has sulfer oxides and other particulates in the air from industry
Synergism
two pollutants combined is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Acid Deposition(Rain)
Nitrous and sulfuric oxide combine causing acid rain
Ozone O3
form from reactions with nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. It is a UV blocker and Respiratory Irritant
VOC’s
Volatile Organic Compounds
Chlorofluorocarbons CFC’s
Deplete ozone layer leading to higher cancer rates.
Water vapor
number one greenhouse gas. naturally occurring.
Heavy metal sources
gasoline, paint, burning coal,
Heavy metal effects
nervous system damage, brittle bones, biomagnification
Legionairres
bacteria disease from still water
Radon
odorless colorless radiactive gas from the decay of Uranium
Asbestos
fire-proof material that causes mesothelioma
Sick building syndrome
condition in which people are sick when in a building but better when they leave
LD50
amount of a substance that is a lethal dose to 50% of a test population.
LC50
the concentration of the substance that is lethal to 50% of a test population
ED50
Effective dose for 50% of the people
TD50
the median toxic dose
Sources of Asbestos
Insulation and fireproofing
Sources of formaldehyde
insulation, plywood, carpets
Byproducts of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels:
CO2, CO, H2O, NO, NO2, SO, SO2, Hg, particulates
