APES Unit 8

Question 1

Point source pollution

Answer 1

single, identifiable source of pollutants
EX smoke stack, waste discharge pipes

Question 2

non-point source pollution

Answer 2

pollutants entering the environment from many places at once
EX runoff; pesticide spraying

Question 3

Point source examples

Answer 3

– Emissions from smokestack of coal PP
– BP oil spill

Question 4

non-point source examples

Answer 4

– animal waste runoff from CAFO
– urban runoff
– large areas of land (agricultural land/ urban land)

Question 5

coral reef relationship with what

Answer 5

mutualistic relationship with coral and photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellea

Question 6

photosynthetic algae

Answer 6

zooxanthellae

Question 7

what does zooxanthellae provide

Answer 7

sugar, oxygen

Question 8

what does coral provide

Answer 8

CO2, detritus (nutrient containing organic mattter)

Question 9

how does coral bleaching occur

Answer 9

when coral are stressed they expel their zooxanthellae. coral lose color and may die without algae (main food source)
pollutants from runoff and incr. temp can stress coral

Question 10

3 threats to coral reefs

Answer 10

1. incr ocean temp/ decr. ocean pH
2. runoff of sediment
   – can smother corals and block sunlight for photosynthesis
3. destructive fishing methods
   – blast fishing can destroy entire reefs
   – use of cyanide to stun fish and capture for live aquarium trade

Question 11

how can oil spills occur with example of both

Answer 11

– underwater oil well explodes/ blows out oil (example: BP gulf spill)
– when a tanker runs in to a rock/ iceberg and is punctured (example: Exxon Valdez)

Question 12

how to clean an oil spill on ocean

Answer 12

– can involve booms on a surface to contain spread and ships with vacuum tubes to siphon oil off of the surface or devices to skim off
– chemical dispersants are sprayed on oil slicks to break up and sink to the bottom. Clears surface but can smother bottom dwellers. can be harmful
– burn oil off surface

Question 13

how to clean oil spill on animals/ beach

Answer 13

physical removal iwth towels/ soap/ shovels from beach sand and rocks

Question 14

oil spill effects

Answer 14

– death of organisms (hydrocarbons are toxic)
– oil coats feathers of marine birds and fur of marine mammals; they ingest when they clean it off
– some oil sinks and kills bottom dwelling organisms
– oil can enter the ocean food chain via plankton uptake
– oil can wash ashore and decr. tourism revenue and kill fish, decr. fish revenue and huting restaurants that serve fish/ sea food