APES Unit 3

Question 1

adaptation

Question 2

genetic diversity

Answer 2

genetic variation among individuals in a population

Question 3

biodiversity

Answer 3

the variety of life on earth

Question 4

species diversity

Answer 4

the number of species in a region or habitat (in a community or ecosystem)

Question 5

habitat university

Answer 5

the variety of habitats that exist within a given region

Question 6

generalist species

Answer 6

can live under a wide range of biotic/abiotic conditions
(ex: raccoons, crows)

Question 7

specialist species

Answer 7

live under a very narrow range of conditions or feed on one or a very small group of species
(ex: orcas, sharks)

Question 8

environmental stress

Answer 8

refers to aspects of an animal’s surroundings that increase mental or emotional strain in their lives

Question 9

types of environmental stressors:

Answer 9

1. physical (natural disasters, pollution, thermal stress, radiation)
2. Biological (predation, competition)
3. climatic (light, temperature)

Question 10

species richness

Answer 10

number of total species

Question 11

species evenness

Answer 11

abundance of individuals within each species

Question 12

intrinsic value

Answer 12

moral/spiritual/philosophical value
(ecosystems have their own value independent from the needs and desires of humans)

Question 13

Instrumental value

Answer 13

has worth in terms of goods and services
(CriSP)

Question 14

Provisioning ecosystem service

Answer 14

goods that humans use directly (lumber, food crops, rubber, fur, etc.)

Question 15

regulating ecosystem service

Answer 15

nutrient + water cycles

Question 16

support ecosystem service

Answer 16

pollination, water filtration, natural pest control

Question 17

cultural ecosystem service

Answer 17

tourism, real estate, recreation

Question 18

island biogeography

Answer 18

the study of the ecological relationships and distribution of organisms on islands, and of these organisms’ community structures

Question 19

resilience

Answer 19

ability and rate of an ecosystem to remover to its pre disturbed state

Question 20

limiting factors

Answer 20

the environmental factor that is most often in short supply; most likely to regulate population growth

Question 21

range of tolerance

Answer 21

populations thrive within certain ranges of abiotic factors (pH, temperature, etc.)

Question 22

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Question 23

resistance

Question 24

adaption

Answer 24

any behavioral or physical characteristic that increases fitness

Question 25

fitness

Answer 25

differential ability to survive and reproduce

Question 26

theory of natural selection

Answer 26

was developed by Charles Darwin and the first presented in his book ‘origin of species’ published in 1859
1. there is a struggle for existence among organisms
2. physical and behavioral variation in living organisms
3. “survival of the fittest”

Question 27

common descent/ descent with modification

Answer 27

1. genes mutate
2. individuals survive and reproduce
3. populations evolve

Question 28

keystone species

Answer 28

have a larger impact on the community, if removed, than other species

Question 29

Colony Collapse Disorder

Answer 29

phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a colony disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food, and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees

Question 30

indicator species

Answer 30

give early warning signs of damage or danger to a community

Question 31

ecological succession

Answer 31

-natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary

Question 32

primary succession

Answer 32

happens in a place without soil; starts with the arrival of airborne pioneer that do not need soil to survive

Question 33

secondary succession

Answer 33

already has soil; was once the home of living things; occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession

Question 34

climax community

Answer 34

a stable group of plants and animals that is the end of the succession process

Question 35

adaptive trait

Answer 35

an aspect of the developmental pattern which facilitates the survival and/or reproduction of its carrier in a certain succession of environments.

Question 36

anthropogenic

Answer 36

originating in human activity.

Question 37

episodic

Answer 37

occurring occasionally

Question 38

bottleneck effect

Answer 38

a drastic and sudden reduction in the size of a population leads to a change in the gene pool

Question 39

evolution

Answer 39

change in the genetic makeup of a population of a species in successive generations

Question 40

disruption

Answer 40

event caused by biological, physical, or chemical changes which leads to change in an ecosystem’s population size or community composition

Question 41

ecosystem

Answer 41

location on Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components

Question 42

ecosystem services

Answer 42

Processes by which natural ecosystems produce needed resources for humans

Question 43

migration

Answer 43

movement from one place to another

Question 44

pioneer species

Answer 44

first species to populate an area during primary succession