APES unit 0

Question 1

bar graph

Answer 1

a diagram in which the numerical values of variables are represented by the height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width.

Question 2

Biogeochemical cycles

Answer 2

any of the natural pathways by which essential elements of living matter are circulated

Question 3

Conclusion

Answer 3

a statement based on experimental measurements and observations

Question 4

Constant

Answer 4

these must be close to identical among all the subjects or it won’t be clear what is affecting the outcome; A quantity that is unknown but assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context.

Question 5

Controlled variable

Answer 5

experimental element which is constant and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation; same as constants

Question 6

control group

Answer 6

these subjects that remain in the original, unchanged conditions in order to provide a baseline for comparison

Question 7

dependent variables

Answer 7

these factors are measured; they respond to changes

Question 8

experimental group

Answer 8

the subjects that receive the changed conditions in the experiment

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

a specific, testable prediction about the outcome of the experiment

Question 10

independent variable

Answer 10

this is the factor being changed; there should be only one per experiment

Question 11

large sample size

Answer 11

this will increase the accuracy and validity of the data by lessening the effect of any outliers

Question 12

qualitative data

Answer 12

descriptive, non-numerical information collected about the experiment

Question 13

quantitative data

Answer 13

numerical information collected about the experiment

Question 14

repeated trials

Answer 14

increase accuracy and validity of the data by ensuring that similar results occur more than once

Question 15

pseudoscience

Answer 15

a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.

Question 16

system

Answer 16

a set of components that function and interact in some regular way

Question 17

null hypothesis

Answer 17

typical statistical theory which suggests that no statistical relationship and significance exists in a set of given single observed variable

Question 18

deductive reasoning

Answer 18

a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.

Question 19

deductive reasoning

Answer 19

a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.

Question 20

inductive reasoning

Answer 20

thought processes move from specific observations to more general ones, applying the theories suggested by observation of specific circumstances to broader situations.

Question 21

histogram

Answer 21

a graph that shows the frequency of numerical data using rectangles

Question 22

negative feedback loop

Answer 22

a type of self-regulating system.; increased output from the system inhibits future production by the system.

Question 23

positive feedback loop

Answer 23

occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction

Question 24

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 24

a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource (also called a common) act in their own interest and, in doing so, ultimately deplete the resource.

Question 25

MIX

Answer 25

manipulated, independent, axis

Question 26

DRY

Answer 26

dependent, responsive, axis

Question 27

sustainability

Answer 27

the quality of not being harmful to the environment or depleting natural resources, and thereby supporting long-term ecological balance: