Class Studies > APES Quiz > Flashcards
APES Quiz Flashcards
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
N2
Nitrogen
O2
Oxygen
SO2
Sulfur Dioxide
U
Uranium
CO
Carbon Monoxide
NO2
Nitrogen Dioxide
O3
Trioxygen
SO3
Sulfur Trioxide
Rn
Radon
C6H12O6
Glucose
NO3
Nitrate
P
Phosphorous
H2SO4
Sulfuric Acid
Hg
Mercury
CH4
Methane
NH3
Ammonia
PO4 3-
Phosphate
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
Cl
Chlorine
H2
Hydrogen
NH4
Ammonium
S
Sulfur
Pb
Lead
H2O
Dihydrogen Monoxide
When did Chernobyl occur?
April 26, 1986
Where did Chernobyl occur?
Chernobyl, Ukraine (the number four RBMK reactor at the nuclear power plant)
What was Chernobyl
A reactor at a nuclear power plant in Ukraine went out of control during a test, causing a lethal explosion and releasing radiation into the atmosphere.
Effects of Chernobyl?
Short Term: 30 people killed in explosion, radionucleides scattered across Europe, plant workers exposed to radiation, radiation sickness
Long Term: Thyroid cancer, lukemia, adverse psychological effects
When did Kuwaiti Oil Fires occur?
Began in 1991 (took about 9 moths to extinguish fires)
Where did Kuwaiti Oil Fires occur?
Smoke plumes extended from Arabian Peninsula to Persian Gulf (actual location of fires was Kuwait)
What were the Kuwaiti Oil Fires?
At the end of the first Gulf War, retreating Iraqi forces blew up oil wells, tanks, and refineries resulting in poisonous smoke, soot, and ash entering the sky, as well as 11 million barrels of oil entering the gulf.
Effects of the Kuwaiti Oil Fires?
Short Term: respiratory issues (wheezing, couging, respiratory infections)
Long Term: extensive environmental damage (by the time the fires were extinguished, 130-140 million tons of CO2 were emitted into the atmosphere. Further, the oil spill into the gulf made it uninhabitable for most organisms)
When was the Exxon Valdez oil spill?
March 24, 1989
Where was the Exxon Valdez oil spill?
Prince William Sound, Alaska
What was the Exxon Valdez oil spill?
Oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground, spilling 11 million gallons of oil.
What were the effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill?
Short Term: thousands of organisms (sea birds, sea otters, harbor seals, eagles) were killed. Salmon and herring eggs were destroyed. Recreational fishing and tourism decreased drastically.
Long Term: pockets of crude oild still pesent in some locations. Growth and reproduction of some aquatic species was affected, which also affected the food web of the region. Waters have also warmed and ice has receded in many parts of the Alaska marine environment.
When was the Baia Mare Cyanide Spill?
January 30, 2000
Where was the Baia Mare Cyanide Spill?
Baia Mare, Romania
What was the Baia Mare Cyanide Spill?
A dam was breached at the Aurul SA Company, resulting in the spillage of 100,000 m^3 of liquid and suspended waste containing 50-100 tons of cyanide and heavy metals. This was likely caused by a combination of design defects, poor weather, and unexpected operating conditions
Effects of the Baia Mare Cyanide Spill
Short Term: water plankton largely killed, sediments of affected bodies of water experienced heavy metal contamination, drinking water and wells contaminated
Long Term: not much is currently known about long term effects but chronic health impacts due to long term heavy metal pollution are possible
When was Minimata Disease?
First discovered in 1956
Where was Minimata Disease?
Discovered around Minimata Bay in the Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
What was Minimata Disease?
Pollution-related disease which was discovered in Japan. Directly caused by the consumption of fish contaminated by a methylmercury compound discharged from a chemical plant. Symptoms include ataxia, concentric contraction of the visual field, and sensory disturbance.
Effects of Minimata Disease?
Short Term: tingling sensations, muscle weakness, ataxia, tunnel vision, slurred speech, hearing loss, abnormal behavior
Long Term: more than 500,000 people affected. It can lead to lasting complications like vision loss, paralysis, and insanity. The discovery of this disease also led to increased measures taken against environmental pollution in Japan
When was the Bhopal Methyl Isocyanate Contamination?
December 2, 1984
Where was the Bhopal Methyl Isocyanate Contamination?
City of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
What was the Bhopal Methyl Isocyanate Contamination?
Forty five tons of methyl isocyanate esaped from an insecticide plant located in India (subsidiary of American company). The gas drifted over densely populated neighborhoods around the plant, killing thousands and generating mass panic.
Effects of the Bhopal Methyl Isocyanate Contamination?
Short Term: 15,000-20,000 people were instantly killed from exposure to methyl isocyanate gas. For survivors, there was mass panic generated
Long Term: survivors suffer respiratory problems, eye irratation/blindness, and other maladies. In the early 21st century, 400 tons of industrial waste were still present on the site. Neither the responsible company or Indian government properly cleaned the site, resulting water and soil contamination (which may be the cause of the high rate of birth defects in the area)
When was the Love Canal chemical contamination?
Canal was built in 1894. Bought by Hooker Chemical and Plastic Co. in 1942. By 1952, it contained over 20,000 tons of toxic chemicals.
Where was the Love Canal chemical contamination?
Niagara Falls, New York.
What was the Love Canal chemical contamination?
Love Canal was initially built to provide hydroelectric power in 1894, but construction was never finished. The land was bought by Hooker Chemical and Plastic Co. in 1942 to be used as a chemical waste dump. After dumping toxic materials and carcinogens into the land, Hooker capped the hazardous landfill and sold it to he Niagara Falls School Board. A series of inexplicable illness in the area led to research revealing that houses and schools built in the area were exposed to toxic chemicals.
What were the effects of the Love Canal chemical contamination?
Short Term: citizens living over the Love Canal toxic waste landfill experienced ilness (epilepsy, asthma, migraines, nephrosis, birth defects, miscarriages)
Long Term: 939 families relocataed by U.S. governnment. Long-term clean up efforts have been launched to cleanse water and soil in Love Canal area.
When was BP Oil Spill?
April 20, 2010 (oil flowed from damaged well over an 87-day period, unti September 19, 2010)
Where was BP Oil Spill?
Macando Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico
What was BP Oil Spill?
The oil drilling rig, Peepwater Horizon exploded and sank, leaking 4 million barrels of oil into the Gulf, until it was capped 87 days later.
Effects of the BP Oil Spill?
Short Term: 11 workers were killed from explosion, 105,400 sea birds and 167,600 sea turtles were killed from oil exposure
Long Term: oil will remain in ocean and on shorlines of neighboring countries for years to come, oil will continue to harm the ecosystems of marine animals. This can cause population and fertility decrease in exposed animals.
When was the Sevoso Dioxin Cloud?
July 10, 1976
Where was the Sevoso Dioxin Cloud?
Milan, Italy
What was the Sevoso Dioxin Cloud?
A valve broke at the ICMESA chemical plant in Meda, north of Milan, Italy. This reulted in the release of a chemical cloud containing the highly toxic dioxin TCDD. Winds carried the cloud and it contaminated and poisoned vegetation, animals, and humans
Effects of the Sevoso Dioxin Cloud?
Short Term: humans in the area suffered severe dioxin poisoning, thousands of animals were killed, vegetation wilted
Long Term: 600 people had to be evacuated, 2,000 were treated for dioxin poisoning. This acccident also triggered laws and regulations to be put into place preventing and controlling future industrial mistakes.
When was the Three Mile Island incedent?
March 28, 1979
Where was the Three Mile Island incedent?
Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station on the Susquehanna River in Londonderry Township, Harrisburg, PA
What was the Three Mile Island incedent?
The Three Mile Islan nuclear power plant experienced a cooling malfunction which caused part of the core to melt in the plants second reactor. Radioactive gas was released and over 2 million people were exposed to radiaton.
Effects of the Three Mile Island incedent?
Short Term: Three Mile Island Nuclear Generation Plant was shut down and over 2 million people were exposed to small amounts of radiation
Long Term: proven the exposure radiation was not harmful (similar to radiation exposure from standard x-ray), but public support for nuclear energy sources fell. The accident also prompted increased safety measures and testing programs for nuclear power plants in the U.S.
