APES Chapter 12

Question 1

Forest

Answer 1

any ecosystem with a high density of trees

Question 2

Deforestation

Answer 2

the clearing and loss of forests

Question 3

Primary Forest

Answer 3

natural forest, uncut by people

Question 4

Secondary Forest

Answer 4

a forest that has smaller trees, types of species, and nutrient balance are different from a primary forest

Question 5

Concession

Answer 5

the right to extract the resource

Question 6

Forestry (silviculture)

Answer 6

the professional management of forests

Question 7

Resource management

Answer 7

our use of strategies to manage and regulate the harvest of renewable resources

Question 8

Maximum sustainable yield

Answer 8

maximum amount of extraction without depleting the resource from one harvest to the next

Question 9

Ecosystem-based management

Answer 9

manage resource harvesting so as to minimize impact on the ecosystems and ecological processes that provide the resource

Question 10

Adaptive management

Answer 10

systematically changing and testing different approaches and aiming to improve methods through time

Question 11

National forest

Answer 11

77 million ha of preserved forest across the US

Question 12

Even-aged

Answer 12

when all trees are the same age

Question 13

Uneven-aged

Answer 13

mixed ages

Question 14

Clear-cutting

Answer 14

all trees in an area are cut, leaving only stumps

Question 15

Multiple use

Answer 15

the national forests were to be managed for recreation, wildlife habitat, mineral extraction, and various other uses

Question 16

National Forest Management Act

Answer 16

a law that mandates that every national forest must draw up plans for renewable resource management

Question 17

New forestry

Answer 17

timber cuts that seemed like natural disturbances

Question 18

Wildland-urban interface

Answer 18

placing homing on the edges of forests-more fire-prone situations

Question 19

prescribed burns/controlled burns

Answer 19

burning areas of the fires under carefully controlled conditions

Question 20

Salvage logging

Answer 20

removal of dead trees following a natural disturbance

Question 21

Sustainable forest certification

Answer 21

a certification by the FSC that the way that they log is sustainable

Question 22

National parks

Answer 22

publicly held lands protected from resource extraction and development but open to nature appreciation and various forms of recreation

Question 23

National Wildlife Refuge

Answer 23

an area set aside as a haven for wildlife

Question 24

Wilderness areas

Answer 24

areas where development is off limits and hiking, natural study, and low-impact recreation is allowed

Question 25

Land trusts

Answer 25

local or regional organizations that purchase land t preserve it in its natural conditions

Question 26

Biosphere reserves

Answer 26

tracts of land with exceptional biodiversity that couple preservation with sustainable development to benefit the local people

Question 27

Edge effects

Answer 27

impacts that result due to the conditions on the fragment’s edge is different from conditions in the interior

Question 28

Island biogeography theory

Answer 28

see class notes

Question 29

SLOSS dilema

Answer 29

single large or several small