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3 REN > AP02 Histology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract > Flashcards

AP02 Histology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of mesangial cells?

A

phagocytosis
structural support
secretion
glomerular distension

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the juxtoglomerular apparatus?

A

macula densa
juxtoglomerular cells
Lacis cells

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3
Q

What is the relationship between the macula densa and the juxtoglomerular cells?

A

macula densa is sensitive to NaCl

the macula densa stimulates the juxtaglomerular ells to synthesise and secrete renin

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4
Q

What forms the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

vascular endothelial cells
thick BM
podocytes

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5
Q

What is the structure and function of podocytes?

A

comprise the visceral layer of the bowman’s capsule

have primary and secondary foot processes, between which are slit processes

allows movement of water, ions, small molecules, but not proteins

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6
Q

What is the histological structure of proximal tubules?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

rich in mitochondria and microvilli for absorption and secretion

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7
Q

What is the histological difference between the proximal tubules and the proximal straight tubules?

A

the proximal straight tubules ahve fewer microvilli

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8
Q

What is the histological structure of the nephron loop?

A

simple squamous eptihelia

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9
Q

What is the histological structure of the distal straight tubule?

A

simple cuboidal / low columnar epithelia

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10
Q

What is teh transition point between the DST and the DCT?

A

macula densa

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11
Q

What is the histological structure of the DCT?

A

simple cuboidal epithelia

lack microvilli and brush borders are a bit puny

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12
Q

What is the histological structure of the collecting duct?

A

cortical CD - simple cuboidal / columnar
medullary CD - simple cuboidal / columnar
papillary duct - simple columnar

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13
Q

What happens to the collecting duct as it approaches the papillary duct?

A

converges with other collecting ducts to form the duct of Bellini

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14
Q

What types of cells are present in the collecting duct?

A

principal cells - sensitive to ADH and Aldosterone

Intercalated cells - secretion of H+ and HCO-

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15
Q

What 3 layers are observed in the ureter?

A

mucosa
muscularis
adventitia

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16
Q

What are the layers of the ureter mucosa?

A 
urothelium (umbrella, columnar, and basal cuboidal cells)
lamina propria (LCT)
17
Q

What are the layers of the muscualris of the ureter?

A

inner longitudinal muscle
outer circular muscle

nerves dispersed throughout

18
Q

How might someone with nephrotic syndrome present?

A 
puffy eyes
pitting oedema over legs
pleural effusion
ascites
general oedema throughout the body (anasarca)
19
Q

Why might someone die of renal failure with hypovolaemia?

A

reduction in renal perfusion

3 REN (21 decks)

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