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3 REN > AP01 - Topography of the Urinary system > Flashcards

AP01 - Topography of the Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

What are rugae?

A

ridges made by he inward folding of the walls of an organ

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2
Q

At what vertebral level does teh aorta form the renal arteries?

A

L2

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3
Q

What is the Line of Brodel, what is its’ clinical significance?

A

An avascular line along the lateral posterior border of the kidney, marking the boundary between arterial supply of the anterior and posterior renal arteries.

useful for surgery

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4
Q

What proportions of the kindey do the anterior and posterior segments of the renal artery supply?

A

anterior 75%
posterior 25%

they do not re-converge, so some parts are in danger of avascular necrosis

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5
Q

From renal artery to renal vein, what are the vessels in the kidney?

A 
renal artery
segmental artery
interlobular artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate artery
afferent arterioles
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
venule
cortical radiate vein
arcuate vein
interlobular vein
renal vein
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6
Q

What is the peritubuar network and what does it supply?

A

supplies the nephron tubules and the outer 2/3 of the cortex

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7
Q

What do the vesa recta supply?

A

the inner 1/3 of the medulla

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8
Q

What 4 muscles line the posterior surface of the kidney?

A

DIaphragm
Transersus abdominis
quadratus lomborum
psoas major

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9
Q

What is the renal papilla?

A

the part of the renal pyramid where it converges and hence empties into the minor calyx

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10
Q

what is contained within the renal hilum?

A

renal artery
renal vein
renal pelvis / ureter

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11
Q

Who would normally get Pelvic-uretic obstruction?

What happens next?

A

children, as it’s usually congenital
hydronephrosis
if bad surgery
if the result of infection - antibiotics

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12
Q

What does the laterocostal fascia sit between, and what does it split into?

A

parietal peritoneum and transversalis fascia

it splits into gerota’s and zuckerland’s fascia

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13
Q

What happens in nutcracker syndrome, and what are the symptoms?

A

Aorta and SMA compress left renal vein

flank pain and haematuria

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14
Q

How is nutcracker syndrome treated?

A

stenting, surgery, or routine urinalysis

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15
Q

What processs is used in nephrostomy?

A

under US, with LA pain relief
urine held in a lil plastic bag

a urostomy is just a bit more distal

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16
Q

Name 2 numeric developmental abnormalities of the kidney

A

renal agenesis

supernumerary kindey

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17
Q

Name 4 fusion developmental abnormalities of the kidney

A

horseshoe kidney
cross fused renal ectopia
pancake kidney
supernumerary kidney

18
Q

Name 5 location developmental abnormalities of the kindey

A 
pelvis kidney
intrathroacic kidney
crossed renal ectopia
abnormal renal rotation
nephroptosis
19
Q

Name 4 shape developmental abnormalities of the kidney

A

persisten fetal lobulation
hypertrophied column of Bertin
Hilar lip
dromedary lip

20
Q

Name 3 vascular developmental abnormalities of the kidney

A

accessory renal arteries
retroaortic / circumaortic left renal vein
supernumerary renal veins

21
Q

Name 3 collecting system developmental abnormalities of the kidney

A

duplex collecting system
bifid collecting system
retrocaval ureter

22
Q

What are the 3 categories for renal cancer staging?

A

T - size
N - nodal involvement
M - metastasis

23
Q

Name 3 pressure points on the ureter

A

Peliv-uretic junction
passage between common iliac and internal iliac
passage into urinary bladder

24
Q

What pain is associated with ureteric obstruction?

A

severe flank pain radiating to the groin, commonly referred to lower abdomen and to ipsilateral groin

25
Q

What are the borders of the proximal ureter?

A

UPJ to superior margin of sacrum

26
Q

What are the border of the middle ureter?

A

overlies the sacrum

27
Q

What are the borders of the distal ureter?

A

from inferior margin of the sacrum to ureteral orifice

28
Q

Who more commonly gets staghorn canaliculi?

A

women, it’s the result of recurrent infection

29
Q

What are staghorn canaliculi made of?

A

struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate MAP)

30
Q

What pelvic pouch is in males?

A

rectovesical pouch

31
Q

What pelvic pouches are in females?

A

viscerouterine pouch

rectouterine pouch

32
Q

What 3 orifices form the trigone?

A

ureteric orifices

urethral orifice

33
Q

How is renal colic pain characterised?

A

loin to groin

34
Q

How does the surface of the trigone differ to the rest of the internal bladder wall?

A

is is smooooooth:)

35
Q

What are the 3 segments of the male urethra?

A

prostatic
membranous
spongy

36
Q

What is the prostate for and what structure is in there?

A

forming semen, it hence has the ejaculatory duct

37
Q

What is the difference in urethral sphincter between males and females?

A

males - internal (autonomic), external (somatic

females - external (somatic)

38
Q

What gland is on the urethra in males and females?

A

males - bubo-urethral gland

females - para-urethral gland (skene’s gland)

39
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter prevent in males?

A

seminal regurgitation

40
Q

What is the difference between a male and female catheter?

A

female one is way smaller

41
Q

What male birth defect is associated with the urethra?

A

hypospadias

urethral opening is between the penis tip and sacrum, along the bottom of the shaft of the penis

3 REN (21 decks)

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