AP World Unit 8 Vocab Flashcards
Cold War 8.1
This is a non direct war, fought between the SU and the USA, that was highlighted as being an ideal war at the time period, because of the way that the countries were not directly fighting each other. This war was fought in economics, proxy wars and by competing through military alliances and a nuclear arms race. (LO.1: We find that this caused a global split, between the countries who supported the US and its democracy and the countries who supported the SU’s communist government, as well as a party of countries who were not a part of either of them (non-aligned movement).)
Non-Aligned Movement 8.2
During this time, there was a movement created for all the countries that did not take any side in the Cold War, and were “in the middle.” (LO.2 The ideological battle was able to cause a lot of changes, especially in the ideological battler that had a lot of effects on these countries that did not partake in any of the two sides. We find that there are many ways that these non-aligned countries were able to gain a lot of benefits, by being able to use both of the sides of this war to their benefit. An example of this is trade benefits that would happen because of the way that one of the sides would try to get a country from the non-aligned benefits side to join, by giving them trade benefits, and in the end they’d get benefited but did not join either side. It had a couple leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru, Kwame Nkrumah, Gamal Abdel Nasser and Sukarno.)
Kwame Nkrumah 8.2, 8.5
This was a leader of Ghana, that was able to lead Ghana to independence from Great Britain, that was able to advocate for unity for Africans across the continent. He became one of the most well respected African leaders of this time period. We find that he was able to be very influential in a lot of the things that we find in Africa today (things like monuments, museums, etc). (LO.2,6: We find that this leader was able to lead Ghana to it’s independence in a peaceful and intuitive way. We find how he was also able to help form a sort of identity with the ideas of Pan-Africanism. Some critics say that he lead the country into debt and allowed widespread corruption under his dictatorship).
Proxy Wars (Korean War and Angolan Civil War) 8.3
We find that during the Cold War, there was a lot of wars that were fought, that had no relation to the SU and the US, but that both of the Communist and Democratic parties were able to join and support in order to fight each other through other conflicts. (LO.3: We find that an example of a proxy war during this time is the Korean war, a conflict between the Communist and Democratic sides of Korea, which ended in the splitting of Korea in North and South Korea. There was also the Angolan Civil War, which had to do the independence movement for Angola. It was a bloody war, especially because of the aid that it received to fight by the US and the USSR.)
Communist Revolution in China 8.4
During this time we find how Communism had a big influence amongst states’ politics. After war fought against Japan, the victory by the Chinese Communists was able to grant them more supporters than the nationalists, (especially since the communist side, lead by Mao Zedong, was able to reopen schools, hospitals and provide shelter and aid to the citizens of China.) (LO.4: During this time communism had a huge effect on China’s citizens as the land reforms at the time were able to cause detrimental problems to civilians, since people who did not give up their land in reforms or agreed with the promise and idea of the government, were often times killed or sent to reeducation camps.)
Great Leap Forward 8.4
We find how this is a plan that the Chinese government had, to be able to have huge land reforms, that would be able to provide the people with agriculture. We find that this was established in the form where peasants land was reformed into a collective land (called a commute) where they could work and get the resources demanded by the government. (LO.4: We find that these land reforms ended up being very harsh. We find how China had to deal with a famine during this time, since there were false reports on the success and supply of China’s agriculture as well. This happened because of how the Chinese food production was given to the SU, in exchange for military arms.)
Communist Revolution for Vietnamese Independence 8.4
We find that after WWII, Vietnam declared it’s independence from both Japanese and French control. Under it’s new rule we find how it was an agricultural society, which had a lot of communist influence and support, since communists promised to evenly distribute land among peasants. (LO.5: We find that during this time, communism was able to influence a lot of people, and it’s support was massive amongst people in crisis and bad economic standing. This is why in Vietnam it was so easy to gain support for communism with the promise of land distribution. When the communists were able to take power in the North, they carries out land reforms sometimes being violent.)
Decolonization 8.5
During this time we find how there was the decolonization of a lot of nations. For some states there was things like intellectual and advocative ways that they were able to get independence from. Other states got their independence from things like violence and bloody wars. (LO.6: We find how during this time several states like Ghana were able to get their independence by being able to advance as a nation and have the stability to declare their independence with no fear over the power of their colonizers. In Algeria, we find how it was a bloody and violent time and fight for independence. Thousands of French-Algerians had to suffer the consequences at this time. Places like India, won their independence because of the weak forces of the British after the war, but ended up having some division of land because of ethnic and religious conflict.)
Indian National Congress 8.5
This was an organization in India, that was able to address the issues of the non-independent state, that was trying to regain it’s rights for many years. We find that one of it’s top leaders was Gandhi. (LO.6: During this time we find how with peaceful protests and movements for independence, India was able to begin a more peaceful and passive way to protest and to fight for independence.)
Muslim League 8.5
This is an organization that advocated for Muslim Indians to have a different state. This ended up in the separation of India to Pakistan and India. (LO.6: We find how during this time there was a lot of unstableness because of the way that Muslims and Hindu’s did not want to be in the same state, since Muslims feared to be ruled by a majority Hindu population. This is why things like this were created.)
Partition of India 8.6
We find that during this time there is the splitting of India, into two seperate states (and land in between: Kashmir). We find how this is because the Muslims in India wanted their own separate state. (LO.7: We find how even today there is still conflicts that happen in between there two lands (especially in Kashmir). We also find how the conflict that there still is is in fight for this land in between them as well as ethnic and religious conflicts.)
Creation of Israel 8.6
We find how during this time certain issues coalesced to bring about the creation of Israel. Mostly, we find how it was created as a way to give land to a big part of the jewish population. We find how after the discovery of the Holocaust and the implementation of more support for land for the Jewish there was a lot of conflict over Israel and the people in Palestine. (LO.7: We find how this conflict was still able to bring help to a lot of the jewish population that were migrating in Europe, but was able to cause a lot of problems especially over the land of Jerusalem, a religious land that was commonly fought over.)
Metropole 8.6
We find how this is defined as a larger city from a former colonial power, that a lot of the former colonies’ people migrate to, during times of hardship and who are in need of refuge or escape. (LO.8: We find how during this time London was one of the cities that were considered a Metropole. It is able to show us how this was one of the ways that people were able to react to decolonization and the rising conflicts that resulted after this.)
Mohandas Gandhi 8.7
This was the leader of the movements that were fought against the British Imperial System. He was a part of the Indian National Congress, and advocated for peaceful and passive resistance movements. (LO.9: We find that during this time, some of the protests included things like the Salt March. Eventually this lead to the independence of India in 1947. We find how the responses to the power structures after ww2 included these movements for independence).
Martin Luther King, Jr. 8.7
We find that this was the most important African American civil leaders in the US, who was a part of the Civil RIghts movement. His movement was resisting the segregation and racial injustice as well as discrimination during this time. (LO.9: We find that the success of his movement influenced the banned forced racial segregation in schools in the US, in Public Transport finally was able to lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1965.)
