AP Psych Chapter 1 Vocab Quiz Flashcards
Structuralism
Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhem Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind.
Functionalism
Early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
Gestalt Psychology
Early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures.
Psychoanalysis/ Psychodynamic perspective
The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud./ modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person’s behavior than sexual motivations.
Behaviorism/ Behavioral perspective
The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only./ Behavioral responses that are followed by pleasurable consequences are strengthened
Cognitive Perspective
Focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information
Evolutionary Perspective/ Sociocultural Perspective
perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share./ perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.
Humanistic Perspective
a perspective that allows them to focus on people’s ability to direct their own lives. The best person he or she could be
Biopsychological Perspective
perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system
Scientific Method - all stages
Perceiving the question, Forming a hypothesis, Testing the hypothesis, Drawing conclusions, and Report your results
Naturalistic observation
Watching the behavior of people and animals in their normal environment
Observer effect
tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed.
Participant observation
a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed.
Observer Bias
tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
Representative sample
randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects
Correlation/ coefficient
a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation.
Operational definition
definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured
Independent variable
variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent variable
Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment
Random assignment
process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group
Placebo effect
the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior
Experimenter effect
tendency of the experimenter’s expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study
Single-blind study
study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group
Double-blind study
Study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or control group
Pseudopsychologies
systems of explaining human behavior that are not based on or consistent with scientific evidence.
