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AP human > Ap human 6-7 flashcards > Flashcards

Ap human 6-7 flashcards

1
Q

Mixed-Use Development (MUD)

A

A way to limit sprawl and design livable urban spaces

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2
Q

Transportation-Oriented Development

A

the planning and construction of communities in greater density around or close to public transit stations

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3
Q

New Urbanism

A

seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area

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3
Q

Smart-Growth Policies

A

overall approach of development and conservation strategies that can help protect our health and natural environment

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4
Q

Slow Growth Cities

A

urban communities where the planners have put into place

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5
Q

Blockbusting

A

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

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6
Q

Redlining

A

discriminatory practice in which financial institutions and other organizations deny or limit financial services, insurance, or other resources

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7
Q

Filtering

A

A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner to abandonment

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8
Q

Eminent Domain

A

the power of federal, state, and local governments to acquire land from private landowners and convert it to public use or to a use with public benefit.

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9
Q

Zones of Abandonment

A

The lack of jobs, big declines in land value and falling demand can cause properties to become abandoned, extending even to entire neighborhoods

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10
Q

Urban Area

A

consists of a central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs, with at least 50,000 people

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11
Q

Urban Sprawl

A

the expansion of cities and urban areas into surrounding rural or undeveloped land

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11
Q

Metropolitan Area

A

all the areas surrounding a city that can be said to have a high-level of economic or social integration with the city.

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12
Q

Edge City

A

an urban area with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it.

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13
Q

Boomburg

A

rapidly growing (double-digit growth) suburban cities with a population greater than 100,000

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14
Q

Exurb

A

the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, that are commuter towns for an urban area

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15
Q

Infill

A

the construction of new buildings in underutilized or vacant land lots within urban areas

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16
Q

Range

A

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to get a product or service

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17
Q

Threshold

A

the population needed to support a particular type of service

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18
Q

Megacity

A

an urban or metropolitan area which has a population over 10 million people

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19
Q

Metacity

A

urban areas with over 20 million people and are ranked by population size

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20
Q

Agglomeration

A

A localized economy in which a large number of companies and industries cluster together and benefit from the cost reductions and gains in efficiency that result from this proximity

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21
Q

Break-of-Bulk Point

A

the name given to an economic center, like a dockyard, where a manufactured product is assembled and then separated into various shipments ready to be transported to a wide range of markets

22
Q

Bulk-Gaining Industry

A

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs

23
Q

Bulk-Reducing Industry

A

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.

24
Q

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A

a total accounting of a nation’s output, including all expenditures, revenues, and profits

24
Q

Dual Economies

A
25
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

26
Q

primary sector

A

jobs directly related to the extraction of the Earth’s natural resourcePrimary Sector

27
Q

Least-Cost Theory

A

suggests that all major corporations make their decisions about where to house their production and manufacturing facilities based on the least possible combination of costs

28
Q

Quinary Sector

A

an important extension of the tertiary sector

29
Q

Quaternary Sector

A

the industry based on human knowledge which involves technology, information, financial planning, research, and development

30
Q

Raw Materials

A

the basic substances or resources that are used to create a finished product

31
Q

Dependency Theory

A

holds that LDCs are highly dependent on foreign factories and technologies from MDCs to provide employment and infrastructure

31
Q

Secondary Sector

A

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials

31
Q

Tertiary Sector

A

anything that has to do with the sale or exchange of goods

32
Q

Commodity Dependence

A

When peripheral economies rely too heavily on the export of raw materials, which places them on unequal terms of exchange with more-developed countries that export higher-value goods

33
Q

Formal Sector

A

businesses, enterprises, and other economic activities that have government supervision, monitoring, and protection, and are also taxed

34
Q

Gender Development Index (GDI)

A

measures gender inequalities in achievement in three basic dimensions of human development

34
Q

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A

a composite metric of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market.

34
Q

Gross National Income (GNI)

A

the total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses

35
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

measures the status of life in any given place based off of life expectancy, education levels, and income per capita

35
Q

Gross National Product (GNP)

A

A measurement of a country’s wealth that includes the total value of all goods and services produced by residents of a country, including domestic and foreign production, in a year

35
Q

Informal Sector

A

those workers who are self employed, or who work for those who are self employed

36
Q

Labor-Market Participation (LMP)

A

A statistic that determines what percentage of an age group or gender is currently working

36
Q

Microloan

A

small loans provided to individuals or small businesses

36
Q

Export Processing Zone (EPZ)

A

areas found in many regions of the developing world

37
Q

Fordism

A

the use of labor specialization and a moving assembly line production to create a large number of standardized goods at decreased prices for consumers.

38
Q

Free Trade Zone (FTZ)

A

allow for goods from foreign countries to be imported without a tariff, that is, without being taxed for the sake of being foreign goods

39
Q

Just-in-Time Delivery

A

a method of managing inventory that provides products only as they are needed, rather than storing them.

40
Q

Neoliberalism

A

economic policies that promote free market principles, such as deregulation, liberalization, and privatization

40
Q

Multiplier Effect

A

how many times money spent circulates through a country’s economy

41
Q

Offshore Outsourcing

A

A measurement of a country’s wealth that includes the total value of all goods and services produced by residents of a country

42
Q

Post-Fordism

A

the idea that modern industrial production has moved away from mass production in huge factories

43
Q

Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

A

designated areas within a country that have special economic regulations that are more favorable than the regulations that apply in the rest of the country.

AP human (4 decks)

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