Ap human 3-4 Chapter flashcards
Language
distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identitites
Language Family
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
Isolate
a language that is unrelated to any other known language
Language Group
languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
Universalizing Religion
a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone
Ethnic Religion
a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place
Secular
The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife
Diffusion
the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time
Contagious Diffusion
the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly amoung people of all social classes and levels of power
Hierarchical Diffusion
the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places
Stimulus Diffusion
the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but it modified to adapt to the new culture
Cultural convergence
the process by which cultures become more similiar throught interaction
Multiculturalism
a situation in which different cultures live together withour assimilating
Artifact
a visable object or technology that a culture creates
Sociofacts
a structure or orginization of a culture that influences social behavior
Mentifacts
a central, enduring element of culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs
Ethnocentrism
the tedency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups accourding to preconceived ideas orginating from their own culture
Cultural Relativism
the evaluation of a culture by its own standards
Sequent Occupance
the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of eidence about human character adexperiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape
Toponyms
a place name
Gentrification
the renovations and improvments conforming to middle-class preferences
Isolate
a language that is unrelated to any other known language
Language Group
languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
Universalizing Religion
a religion that tried to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone
Ethnic Religion
a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place
Sovereignty
the right of a goverment to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders
Nation
a cultural entity made up of peope who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, heritage, or ethnicity-often all four of these
Nation-State
a politically organized and recognized territpry composed of a group of people who consider themselves to be a nation
Multi-state Nation
people who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more then one country
Multi-national state
a country with various ethnicities and cultures livng inside its borders
Irredentism
attempts by a stae to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation
Stateless Nation
a people united by culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state
Choke Point
a narrow, strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass
Shatterbelts
a religion where staes form,join, and break up because of ongoing, sometimes violent, conflicts amoung parties and because they are caught between interests of more powerful outside states
Self-Determination
the right of all people to shoose their own political status
Devolution
the process that occurs when the central power in a stae is broken up amoung regional authoritites with its borders
Superimposed Boundary
a border draw over existing accepted borders by an outside or conquering force
Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ)
an area within a country that is suject to move favorable regulations (usually including the elimination or tariffs) to encourge foregin investment and the manufacturing of goods for export
Federal State
the organization of a state in which power is shared between the federal govermnet ad its internal regional units
