Ap human 3-4 Chapter flashcards

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identitites

Question 2

Language Family

Answer 2

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

Question 3

Isolate

Answer 3

a language that is unrelated to any other known language

Question 4

Language Group

Answer 4

languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Question 5

Universalizing Religion

Answer 5

a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone

Question 6

Ethnic Religion

Answer 6

a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place

Question 7

Secular

Answer 7

The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time

Question 8

Contagious Diffusion

Answer 8

the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly amoung people of all social classes and levels of power

Question 9

Hierarchical Diffusion

Answer 9

the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Question 10

Stimulus Diffusion

Answer 10

the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but it modified to adapt to the new culture

Question 10

Cultural convergence

Answer 10

the process by which cultures become more similiar throught interaction

Question 11

Multiculturalism

Answer 11

a situation in which different cultures live together withour assimilating

Question 12

Artifact

Answer 12

a visable object or technology that a culture creates

Question 13

Sociofacts

Answer 13

a structure or orginization of a culture that influences social behavior

Question 14

Mentifacts

Answer 14

a central, enduring element of culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs

Question 15

Ethnocentrism

Answer 15

the tedency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups accourding to preconceived ideas orginating from their own culture

Question 16

Cultural Relativism

Answer 16

the evaluation of a culture by its own standards

Question 17

Sequent Occupance

Answer 17

the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of eidence about human character adexperiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

Question 18

Toponyms

Answer 18

a place name

Question 19

Gentrification

Answer 19

the renovations and improvments conforming to middle-class preferences

Question 20

Isolate

Answer 20

a language that is unrelated to any other known language

Question 21

Language Group

Answer 21

languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Question 22

Universalizing Religion

Answer 22

a religion that tried to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone

Question 23

Ethnic Religion

Answer 23

a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place

Question 24

Sovereignty

Answer 24

the right of a goverment to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders

Question 25

Nation

Answer 25

a cultural entity made up of peope who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, heritage, or ethnicity-often all four of these

Question 26

Nation-State

Answer 26

a politically organized and recognized territpry composed of a group of people who consider themselves to be a nation

Question 27

Multi-state Nation

Answer 27

people who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more then one country

Question 28

Multi-national state

Answer 28

a country with various ethnicities and cultures livng inside its borders

Question 29

Irredentism

Answer 29

attempts by a stae to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation

Question 30

Stateless Nation

Answer 30

a people united by culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state

Question 31

Choke Point

Answer 31

a narrow, strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass

Question 32

Shatterbelts

Answer 32

a religion where staes form,join, and break up because of ongoing, sometimes violent, conflicts amoung parties and because they are caught between interests of more powerful outside states

Question 33

Self-Determination

Answer 33

the right of all people to shoose their own political status

Question 34

Devolution

Answer 34

the process that occurs when the central power in a stae is broken up amoung regional authoritites with its borders

Question 35

Superimposed Boundary

Answer 35

a border draw over existing accepted borders by an outside or conquering force

Question 36

Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ)

Answer 36

an area within a country that is suject to move favorable regulations (usually including the elimination or tariffs) to encourge foregin investment and the manufacturing of goods for export

Question 37

Federal State

Answer 37

the organization of a state in which power is shared between the federal govermnet ad its internal regional units