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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 3 Vocabulary > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

Shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by the members of a society that are not the result of biological inheritance (socially constructed)

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2
Q

Ethnicity

A

A group of people who share a common cultural identity associated with geography e.g. Hispanic, German, Italian, Japanese

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3
Q

Race

A

Historical classification that is used to categorize human populations with shared physical traits (not culture) e.g. American Indian, White, Asian, Black, African American

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4
Q

Cultural Trait

A

A single attribute of a culture, such as food preferences, architecture, and land use

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5
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Judging another culture based on the value’s of one’s own culture (language, religion, customs)

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6
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another

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7
Q

Sequent Occupance

A

The combined imprint on an area when it has been inhabited by a succession of cultures e.g. buildings, transportation systems, farms, irrigation, recreation facilities

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8
Q

Indigenous communities

A

The original settlers of an area (pre-invasion/colonization) who have retained their culture apart from the colonizers

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9
Q

Ethnic Neighborhood

A

An area within a city occupied by a distinctive minority culture

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10
Q

Gender Role

A

Learned behaviors that are deemed appropriate to gender as determined by cultural norms

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11
Q

Gendered Spaces

A

Areas in which gender expression is either welcome or unwelcome

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12
Q

Sense of Place

A

Term used to connote attachment to and comfort in a particular place with a strong identity that is deeply felt by inhabitants

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13
Q

Centripetal Forces

A

Forces that unite a country

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14
Q

Centrifugal Forces

A

Forces that divide a country

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15
Q

Official Language

A

The language adopted by law for the use of government business and documents

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16
Q

Standard Language

A

The accepted language used for government business, education, and mass communications

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17
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The spread of an idea, innovation, cultural trend, or disease from its source area to other areas

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18
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

Type of cultural diffusion when an innovation or idea spreads by the actual movement of individuals who have adopted the idea and carry it to a new place

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19
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

Type of expansion diffusion where nearly all individuals are affected as it spreads outward e.g. spread of Islam

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20
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

Type of expansion diffusion when particular groups are affected as it leapfrogs over areas e.g. FAX machines, AIDS

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21
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

Type of expansion diffusion where a small portion of the population adopts an idea or modifies it e.g. vegetable “burgers” in India

22
Q

Lingua Franca

A

A language mutually understood by people who speak different languages, usually for the purpose of trade e.g. English as language of international business, Swahili as language of trade in East Africa, Arabic as language of trade in Southwest Asia

23
Q

Creolization

A

The blending of European, Amerindian, and African cultures in the new World as a result of colonialism to create something new e.g. Haitian Creole language in the Caribbean, Santeria religion in the Caribbean

24
Q

Pidgin

A

A form of speech that adopts simplified grammar and vocabulary of a lingua france to allow speakers of two different languages to communicate

25
Q

Colonialism

A

The policy of acquiring control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically e.g. English pilgrims landing in America, Spanish conquistadors landing in America

26
Q

Cultural Imperialism

A

Dominance of one culture over another, historically, often occurred as a result of colonization e.g. Spanish and English cultures imposed on the Native People in the Americas, occurs in present day as pop culture which is easily diffused and causes local traditions to become commercialized

27
Q

Neocolonialism

A

MDCs controlling LDCs for cheap labor and resources leading to the loss of culture and the increase in globalization

28
Q

Globalization

A

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture

29
Q

Cultural Convergence

A

Cultures become more alike as their interactions increase

30
Q

Cultural Divergence

A

The tendency for for culture groups to disassociate from others in order to protect of preserve their culture from influence or change

31
Q

Local Culture (Folk Culture)

A

Culture traits of usually small, traditional, homogenous, rural communities e.g. Amish, Hutterite, Mennonite, Inuit

32
Q

Cultural Revival

A

Process that works against globalization, promotes cultural distinction and uniqueness

33
Q

Culture Hearth

A

The source of civilization: place where a civilization began their ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas

34
Q

Language Family

A

A group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin

35
Q

Dialect

A

Variant of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines e.g. differences in vocabulary, syntax, pronunciation, cadence, and pace

36
Q

Isolated Language

A

A language unrelated to any other therefore not part of any other language family, group or branch

37
Q

Religious Branch

A

A large division within a religion e.g. Catholic/Protestant/Orthodox

38
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Literal Interpretation and strict adherence to a religions rules

39
Q

Monotheistic

A

Belief in only one god e.g. Christianity, Islam, Judiaism

40
Q

Polytheistic

A

Belief in many gods e.g. shinto

41
Q

Thecracy

A

Government that bases decisions on religious principles and beliefs e.g. Saudi Arabia, Iran

42
Q

Toponym

A

Place-names that can uncover historical information about a place and its origins, such as the language of the original inhabitants and succeeding settlement history and population dispersal e.g. Osceola County, Florida

43
Q

Universalizing Religion

A

Religions that actively seek convert because they view themselves as offering belief systems of universal applicability and appeal

44
Q

Ethnic Religion

A

Religions that do not actively seek converts and are generally found near the hearth or spread through relocation diffusion

45
Q

Acculturation

A

Process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group, but still retain some original uniqueness; often occurs as a result of colonization or immigration e.g. Native Americans forced to learn English language, Chinese immigrant relocates and learns English language

46
Q

Assimilation

A

Process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group and cannot be distinguished from anyone else e.g. European immigrants in America

47
Q

Syncretism

A

Development of a new cultural trait as a result of the blending of two distinct but interacting cultures e.g. ‘Americanized’ Chinese food, ‘Americanized’ Mexican food

48
Q

Isogloss

A

An unofficial boundary that separates regions in which different vocabulary is used to describe the same item or concept

49
Q

Interfaith boundaries

A

Conflict between the world’s major faiths e.g. Islam and Judaism in Israel, Hinduism and Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Christians and Muslims in Sudan

50
Q

Intrafaith Boundaries

A

Conflict within a single major faith, such as the different denominations of Christianity or the two branches of Islam e.g. Catholics/Protestants in Northern Ireland, Sunni/Shia in Iraq

51
Q

Sacred Sites (spaces)

A

Areas/places of religious/spiritual significance, including cathedrals, mosques, temples, and cemeteries e.g. Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, Western Wall in Jerusalem

AP HUG (3 decks)

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