AP HUG Unit 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Population distribution

Answer 1

The pattern of people scattered over an area

Question 2

Population Density

Answer 2

The number of people within a given area

Question 3

Ecumene

Answer 3

The habitable parts of the world

Question 4

Arithmetic Population Density

Answer 4

Measure of the number of people within a given area divided by the total land area

Question 5

Physiologic Population Density

Answer 5

Measure of the number of people per arable (farmable) land

Question 6

Agricultural Population Density

Answer 6

Measure of the number of farmers per arable land

Question 7

Carrying Capacity

Answer 7

The number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources

Question 8

Population Pyramid

Answer 8

Provides a visual representation of a population in terms of age and sex as well as a good indication of the dependency ratio within a country and is used to assess a population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods/services

Question 9

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 9

The average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years (15-49)

Question 10

Crude Birth Rate

Answer 10

Number of live births in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)

Question 11

Replacement fertility level

Answer 11

2.1 (slightly higher than 2.0 to account for infant/childhood mortality/childless women)

Question 12

Mortality (Crude Death) Rate

Answer 12

Number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)

Question 13

Infant mortality rate

Answer 13

Number of deaths during the 1st year of life (per 1000)

Question 14

Child Mortality Rate

Answer 14

Number of deaths of between the ages of 1 and 5 (per 1000)

Question 15

Maternal mortality rate

Answer 15

Number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)

Question 16

Natural Increase

Answer 16

Crude birth rate crude minus death rate, does not consider immigration

Question 17

Population Doubling Time

Answer 17

The length of time for a population to double in size
-Countries with growth rates of 1% take approximately 70 years to double
-Countries with growth rate of 2% take approximately 35 years to double
-When this growth rate is graphed, a J-curve represents exponential growth (began in the 1950s)
-Growth rates have declined (last couple of decades) and population follows more of an S-curve (greater stability)
-At current rate, the world population doubling time: 54 years

Question 18

Population explosion

Answer 18

The very great and continuing increase in human population

Question 19

Pre-natalist population policies

Answer 19

Policies that provide incentives for women to have children, typically in countries with declining population

Question 20

Anti-natalist population policies

Answer 20

Policies that encourage couples to limit the number of children they have

Question 21

Immigration Policies

Answer 21

Policies that address the movement of persons across borders

Question 22

Population Aging

Answer 22

Determined by birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy

Question 23

Life Expectancy

Answer 23

Average number of years an infant newborn can expect to live; number varies within countries, cities, ethnicities, sexes, and between MDCs and LDCs

Question 24

Aging Population

Answer 24

An increasing median age in the population due to declining fertility rates/rising life expectancy

Question 25

Emigration

Answer 25

Describes the movement out of a particular place

Question 25

Dependency Ratio

Answer 25

A measure of the economic impact of younger and older cohorts on the economically productive members of a population

Question 26

Immigration

Answer 26

Describes the movement to a particular place

Question 27

Pull Factors

Answer 27

Characteristics that attract a person to a place

Question 28

Push factors

Answer 28

Characteristics that make a person want to leave a place

Question 29

Intervening Oppurtunity

Answer 29

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites further awayI

Question 30

Intervening Obstacle

Answer 30

An event or obstacle that discourages people from migrating

Question 31

Genocide

Answer 31

Premeditated effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group

Question 32

Ethnic Cleansing

Answer 32

The effort to rid a country/region of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide.

Question 33

Forced Migration

Answer 33

An individual migrates against his/her will

Question 34

Refugee

Answer 34

Individuals, protected by the law, who cross national boundaries to seek safety from armed conflict or persecution
e.g. race, religion, nationality, political opinion

Question 35

Asylum seeker

Answer 35

Individuals who flee their home country and applies for protection, but their request for sanctuary has yet to be processed, once processed, they are either give refugee status or refused and returned to their home country

Question 36

Internally displaced person (internal refugee)

Answer 36

Individuals who leave their home due to conflict, human rights abuse, war, or environmental catastrophes but do not leave their country to seek safety

Question 37

Voluntary Migration

Answer 37

An individual who chooses to move, typically based on various push-pull factors

Question 38

Trasnational Migration

Answer 38

Migration across national boundaries

Question 39

Internal Migration

Answer 39

Migration within natural boundaries

Question 40

Transhumance

Answer 40

Seasonal movement of pastoral nomads who move livestock between summer and winter pasture

Question 41

Chain migration

Answer 41

Immigrants who follow family and/or friends to the same destination

Question 42

Step migration

Answer 42

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages (steps)

Question 43

Guest Workers

Answer 43

A person with a temporary permission to work in another country (e.g. migrant labor)