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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Population distribution

A

The pattern of people scattered over an area

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2
Q

Population Density

A

The number of people within a given area

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3
Q

Ecumene

A

The habitable parts of the world

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4
Q

Arithmetic Population Density

A

Measure of the number of people within a given area divided by the total land area

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5
Q

Physiologic Population Density

A

Measure of the number of people per arable (farmable) land

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6
Q

Agricultural Population Density

A

Measure of the number of farmers per arable land

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7
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources

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8
Q

Population Pyramid

A

Provides a visual representation of a population in terms of age and sex as well as a good indication of the dependency ratio within a country and is used to assess a population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods/services

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9
Q

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

A

The average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years (15-49)

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10
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A

Number of live births in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)

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11
Q

Replacement fertility level

A

2.1 (slightly higher than 2.0 to account for infant/childhood mortality/childless women)

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12
Q

Mortality (Crude Death) Rate

A

Number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)

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13
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths during the 1st year of life (per 1000)

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14
Q

Child Mortality Rate

A

Number of deaths of between the ages of 1 and 5 (per 1000)

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15
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Number of deaths during or shortly after childbirth (per 100,000)

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16
Q

Natural Increase

A

Crude birth rate crude minus death rate, does not consider immigration

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17
Q

Population Doubling Time

A

The length of time for a population to double in size
-Countries with growth rates of 1% take approximately 70 years to double
-Countries with growth rate of 2% take approximately 35 years to double
-When this growth rate is graphed, a J-curve represents exponential growth (began in the 1950s)
-Growth rates have declined (last couple of decades) and population follows more of an S-curve (greater stability)
-At current rate, the world population doubling time: 54 years

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18
Q

Population explosion

A

The very great and continuing increase in human population

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19
Q

Pre-natalist population policies

A

Policies that provide incentives for women to have children, typically in countries with declining population

20
Q

Anti-natalist population policies

A

Policies that encourage couples to limit the number of children they have

21
Q

Immigration Policies

A

Policies that address the movement of persons across borders

22
Q

Population Aging

A

Determined by birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy

23
Q

Life Expectancy

A

Average number of years an infant newborn can expect to live; number varies within countries, cities, ethnicities, sexes, and between MDCs and LDCs

24
Q

Aging Population

A

An increasing median age in the population due to declining fertility rates/rising life expectancy

25
Q

Emigration

A

Describes the movement out of a particular place

25
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

A measure of the economic impact of younger and older cohorts on the economically productive members of a population

26
Q

Immigration

A

Describes the movement to a particular place

27
Q

Pull Factors

A

Characteristics that attract a person to a place

28
Q

Push factors

A

Characteristics that make a person want to leave a place

29
Q

Intervening Oppurtunity

A

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites further awayI

30
Q

Intervening Obstacle

A

An event or obstacle that discourages people from migrating

31
Q

Genocide

A

Premeditated effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group

32
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

The effort to rid a country/region of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide.

33
Q

Forced Migration

A

An individual migrates against his/her will

34
Q

Refugee

A

Individuals, protected by the law, who cross national boundaries to seek safety from armed conflict or persecution
e.g. race, religion, nationality, political opinion

35
Q

Asylum seeker

A

Individuals who flee their home country and applies for protection, but their request for sanctuary has yet to be processed, once processed, they are either give refugee status or refused and returned to their home country

36
Q

Internally displaced person (internal refugee)

A

Individuals who leave their home due to conflict, human rights abuse, war, or environmental catastrophes but do not leave their country to seek safety

37
Q

Voluntary Migration

A

An individual who chooses to move, typically based on various push-pull factors

38
Q

Trasnational Migration

A

Migration across national boundaries

39
Q

Internal Migration

A

Migration within natural boundaries

40
Q

Transhumance

A

Seasonal movement of pastoral nomads who move livestock between summer and winter pasture

41
Q

Chain migration

A

Immigrants who follow family and/or friends to the same destination

42
Q

Step migration

A

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages (steps)

43
Q

Guest Workers

A

A person with a temporary permission to work in another country (e.g. migrant labor)

44
Q

Rural to Urban Migration

A

The movement of people from the countryside to the city which causes two things to happen; increasing proportion of people living in towns and cities and expansion of urban areas

AP HUG (3 decks)

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