AP HUG Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Physical Map
Reference map that shows identifiable natural landmarks such as mountains, rivers, oceans, elevation
Political Map
Reference map that shows political boundaries; e.g. countries, cities, capitals, etc
Choropleth Map
Thematic map that uses shading or coloring to show statistical data; e.g. population
Cartogram
Thematic map that shows statistical data by transforming space; e.g. population
Dot density map
Thematic map that uses dots to indicate a feature or occurrence; e.g. population
Graduated symbols map (proportional symbols map)
Thematic map that indicates relative magnitude of some value for a geographic region in which the symbol varies in proportion to data; e.g. population
Absolute Distance
measurement using a standard unit of length; e.g.mile, kilometer
Relative Distance
measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity between places (how connected or disconnected); e.g. USA and Iran vs USA and China
Absolute Direction
finding a location using compass direction; e.g. north, south, east, west
Relative Direction
Finding a location not using compass direction; e.g. left, right, forward, backward, up, down
Spatial Pattern
The way things are laid out and organized on the surface of the Earth
Clustering
Objects that form a group; e.g. coastal population
Dispersal
Objects that are scattered; e.g. rural population
Elevation
Height above sea level
Spatial Scale
Hierarchy of spaces; e.g. location of French speakers: global=in the world, regional=in North America, National= in Canada, Local=In Quebec
Map Distortion
All maps are distorted as a result of projecting a 3-dimensional surface onto a 2-dimensional surface in area, distance, shape, and/or direction
Map Projection
A way to transfer the 3-dimensional Earth onto a 2-dimensional map to reduce distortion in area, distance, shape, and/or direction
Geographic Data
Information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth(natural and constructed)
Geospatial Technologies
Technology that provides geographic data that us used for personal (navigation), business (marketing, and governmental (environmental planning) purposes
GIS (Geographic Information Systen)
-Map created by a computer that can combine layers of spatial data
- Data is displayed and analyzed to gain insights into geographical patterns/relationships; e.g. vulnerability of the Florida Aquifer, school boundaries, crime rates
Remote Sensing
Collecting data with instruments that are distant from the area of..
Types of Remote Sensors: Satellites, planes, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, buoys
Uses of remote sensing:
- Track storm systems
- Search for natural resources
- Military surveillance
-Monitor Volcanoes
-Monitor deforestation/glacier melting
Census Data
Systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.
Satellite Imagery
Images of earth collected by satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world.
Absolute Location
Describes the precise location of a place using the Earth’s Graticule (latitude & longitude) Ex. Palm Beach Garden =2649’43”N 8006’36”W
Relative Location
Describe the location of a place relative to other human and physical features Ex. Palm Beach Gardens=North of West Palm Beach, South of Jupiter
Space(Geography)
Relational concept that acquires meaning and sense when related to other concepts. Ex. Geographers study phenomena across space.
Place
Describes an area on the surface of the Earth with distinguishing human & physical characteristics (Place is space with meaning) Ex. Agra, India
Pattern
An arrangement of objects on Earth, including the space in between those objects.
Human-Environment interaction
Describes the way human modify or adapt to the natural world. Ex. bridges, dam, houses, roads.
Distance Decay
The idea that the likelihood of interaction diminishes with increasing distance
Time-space compression
Term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even though their distances are the same
Time-space convergence
Term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations; e.g. TV, internet, satellite communication
Globalization
The process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture
Network
A system of interconnected people of things; e.g. transportation, communication, financial, governmental.
Sustainability
Meeting an increased demand for resources (energy, food, fuel) in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Land Use: the function of land; eg. agricultural, commercial, residential, transportation, recreation
Environmental Determinism
Theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment, especially the climate; the physical environment predisposes societies towards particular development; human society development is controlled by the environment
Possibilism
Theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations but people use their creativity to decided how to respond to the conditions of a particular natural environment
Formal Region
Region marked by a shared trait (cultural, physcial, etc); e.g. The Keys, The Caribbean
Functional Region
Region marked by a particular set of activities that occur; e.g. Southwest Airlines, newspaper
Perceptual/Vernacular Region
Region that exists as an idea; e.g. the South, Kurdistan
