AP HUG Unit 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Physical Map

Answer 1

Reference map that shows identifiable natural landmarks such as mountains, rivers, oceans, elevation

Question 2

Political Map

Answer 2

Reference map that shows political boundaries; e.g. countries, cities, capitals, etc

Question 3

Choropleth Map

Answer 3

Thematic map that uses shading or coloring to show statistical data; e.g. population

Question 4

Cartogram

Answer 4

Thematic map that shows statistical data by transforming space; e.g. population

Question 5

Dot density map

Answer 5

Thematic map that uses dots to indicate a feature or occurrence; e.g. population

Question 6

Graduated symbols map (proportional symbols map)

Answer 6

Thematic map that indicates relative magnitude of some value for a geographic region in which the symbol varies in proportion to data; e.g. population

Question 7

Absolute Distance

Answer 7

measurement using a standard unit of length; e.g.mile, kilometer

Question 8

Relative Distance

Answer 8

measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity between places (how connected or disconnected); e.g. USA and Iran vs USA and China

Question 9

Absolute Direction

Answer 9

finding a location using compass direction; e.g. north, south, east, west

Question 10

Relative Direction

Answer 10

Finding a location not using compass direction; e.g. left, right, forward, backward, up, down

Question 11

Spatial Pattern

Answer 11

The way things are laid out and organized on the surface of the Earth

Question 12

Clustering

Answer 12

Objects that form a group; e.g. coastal population

Question 13

Dispersal

Answer 13

Objects that are scattered; e.g. rural population

Question 14

Elevation

Answer 14

Height above sea level

Question 15

Spatial Scale

Answer 15

Hierarchy of spaces; e.g. location of French speakers: global=in the world, regional=in North America, National= in Canada, Local=In Quebec

Question 16

Map Distortion

Answer 16

All maps are distorted as a result of projecting a 3-dimensional surface onto a 2-dimensional surface in area, distance, shape, and/or direction

Question 17

Map Projection

Answer 17

A way to transfer the 3-dimensional Earth onto a 2-dimensional map to reduce distortion in area, distance, shape, and/or direction

Question 18

Geographic Data

Answer 18

Information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth(natural and constructed)

Question 19

Geospatial Technologies

Answer 19

Technology that provides geographic data that us used for personal (navigation), business (marketing, and governmental (environmental planning) purposes

Question 20

GIS (Geographic Information Systen)

Answer 20

-Map created by a computer that can combine layers of spatial data
- Data is displayed and analyzed to gain insights into geographical patterns/relationships; e.g. vulnerability of the Florida Aquifer, school boundaries, crime rates

Question 21

Remote Sensing

Answer 21

Collecting data with instruments that are distant from the area of..
Types of Remote Sensors: Satellites, planes, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, buoys
Uses of remote sensing:
- Track storm systems
- Search for natural resources
- Military surveillance
-Monitor Volcanoes
-Monitor deforestation/glacier melting

Question 22

Census Data

Answer 22

Systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.

Question 23

Satellite Imagery

Answer 23

Images of earth collected by satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world.

Question 24

Absolute Location

Answer 24

Describes the precise location of a place using the Earth’s Graticule (latitude & longitude) Ex. Palm Beach Garden =2649’43”N 8006’36”W

Question 25

Relative Location

Answer 25

Describe the location of a place relative to other human and physical features Ex. Palm Beach Gardens=North of West Palm Beach, South of Jupiter

Question 26

Space(Geography)

Answer 26

Relational concept that acquires meaning and sense when related to other concepts. Ex. Geographers study phenomena across space.

Question 27

Place

Answer 27

Describes an area on the surface of the Earth with distinguishing human & physical characteristics (Place is space with meaning) Ex. Agra, India

Question 28

Pattern

Answer 28

An arrangement of objects on Earth, including the space in between those objects.

Question 29

Human-Environment interaction

Answer 29

Describes the way human modify or adapt to the natural world. Ex. bridges, dam, houses, roads.

Question 30

Distance Decay

Answer 30

The idea that the likelihood of interaction diminishes with increasing distance

Question 31

Time-space compression

Answer 31

Term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even though their distances are the same

Question 32

Time-space convergence

Answer 32

Term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations; e.g. TV, internet, satellite communication

Question 33

Globalization

Answer 33

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture

Question 34

Network

Answer 34

A system of interconnected people of things; e.g. transportation, communication, financial, governmental.

Question 35

Sustainability

Answer 35

Meeting an increased demand for resources (energy, food, fuel) in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Land Use: the function of land; eg. agricultural, commercial, residential, transportation, recreation

Question 36

Environmental Determinism

Answer 36

Theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment, especially the climate; the physical environment predisposes societies towards particular development; human society development is controlled by the environment

Question 37

Possibilism

Answer 37

Theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations but people use their creativity to decided how to respond to the conditions of a particular natural environment

Question 38

Formal Region

Answer 38

Region marked by a shared trait (cultural, physcial, etc); e.g. The Keys, The Caribbean

Question 39

Functional Region

Answer 39

Region marked by a particular set of activities that occur; e.g. Southwest Airlines, newspaper

Question 40

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

Answer 40

Region that exists as an idea; e.g. the South, Kurdistan