ap gove test 9 and 10 Flashcards
nomination
official endorsement for candidates for offices by political party: success requires momentum, money and media attentions
capaign strategy
master game plan by candidates to guide their electoral campaign
national party convention
supreme power in each party: meets every 4 years to nominate parties presidential and vcie presidential candidates and write parties platform
mcgovern/frassier convention
formed in 1968 democratic convention in response to demands for reform by minority groups and others who watned better representation
superdelegates
national party leaders get delegate slot at democratic party’s national convention
invisible primary
period before any votes hav happened; candidates competes for early support fron elite of party and create positive first impression of leadership skills
caucas
system for selecting convention delegates; dozen of states votes attended meeting ro expresss presidential preference
presidential primaries
election where state voters fo to polls and vote for preferencd for party;s nominee for president, vst majority of delegate ot national party are chosen this way
front loading
recent trend to hold primaries early in the year to gain media attention; states want to move up primary date for money
party platform
a party’s statment of goals and plans for next 4 years; drafted prior to party convention by comitee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to each candidiates strength
direct mail
fundraser for campagin; info and requests for money are sent to a list of people who have supported similar views in the past
campaign contributions
donations made directly ot candidate or party; reported to FEC; donate up to 2800 for candidiate and 35000 for party
federal election campaigh or FEC
passed in 1974; reforming campaign finances, created federal election commission and limites campaign contributions
organizing a campaign
- get a manager
- get fundrasing
3.campaign counsel - hire media and campaign consultants
5.assemble campagin staff
campaign manager job
- plan logistics
2.get research staff and policy adivsors
4.hire pollister - get good press secretary
5.establish a website
federal election comission
6members bipartisan agenscy; enfore campaign finance laws
political action comitee or PAC
group that fundraises for ind. and distributes it in form of contr. to candidates the group supports limited to 5000 per year per candidate
soft money
political conrtibution for party building expenses at grassroot level or for generic party ads; unlimited unitl banned by mccain-forgold act; support policies and not candidates
527 groups
tax code; indepentdant political groups not subjected to contribution restrictions bc they do not seek election of particular candidates; ,must be reported to IRS
citizen united vs FEC
ind. corporations and unions could donate infinite money to groups that made ind. political expedties
501 (c) groups
tax code; group exempt fro reporting contributions and can recieve unlimited contribution; cant spend more thatn 1/2 of contributions on politics
super PACS
ind-expediture-only PAC’; accept donations of any size and promote specific candidates; periodically reposrted to FEC
selective perception
phenonmenon where people’s beliefs guide what they pay attention to and how the interpret events
suffarage
legal right to vote
politcal efficacy
belief that one’e political participation matters; one vote can make a differntce
civic duty
belief that in order to support democratic gov, a citizen shoulld vote
voter registration
voters neeed to register before voting, some states require 30 dats in advance and other require day off
motor voter act
requires states to permit people to register to vote when they apply for a driver liscense
mandate theory of elections
idea that winning candidate had a mandate from people to carry out his or her platform and politics
policy voting
electoral choice made on basis of voter’s policy preference and where the candidates stand on policy issues
electoral college
prociding selection for pres by electors chosen by state; usually reflects pop vote; less populated states are overrepresented and iwnner takes all concetrates campaign on close stature
battleground states
key states in pres race that they focus on bc they are most liklely to decide outcome of elecoral college
interest groups
org of people w/ shared goals who enter policy process at one or more points, to try to achieve their goals
pluralism
theory; policymaking process is open to the participation of all groups with shared interests with no singl gropu dominating; they believe that public interest generally prevails
elitism
theory; uppermiddles class elites gold power and make policy regarrdless or formal gov org.
hyperplurilism
thory; interst groups are so strong that gov is weakened
irontriangles
subgovernment; consists of interest froups, gov agancies and congressional committee or sun comitees that have a mutually dependant relationship, they dominate some areas of domestic policy making
potential group
all people who might be in a interest group bc they have a common interest
actual group
people in ptentioal group who actually join
collective good
soemthing of value that can;t be withheld from anyone
free rider problem
people in potentional group who dont join bc they can benefit from groups activity without actually joining
selective benefits
goods that a group can restrist to those who actually join
single issue groups
narrow interest on whihc members tend to take and uncompromising stance
lobbying
process wehre ind. or group communicates with policymakers in an attempt to infoulcen poilcy decision
electionering
direct geoup involvemtnt in electoral process; funding campaigns, getting members to work
union shop
provision in collective bargaining agreements requires empolyees of unionized buis. to join unions within a short perios of being hires (30 days) and remian a member under condition of employmets
right to work laws
state laws that forbid union shops, formed by taft and hartley act of 1947
public interest lobbies
org. seeking collective goods, which benefit society as whole
