ap gove test 9 and 10

Question 1

nomination

Answer 1

official endorsement for candidates for offices by political party: success requires momentum, money and media attentions

Question 2

capaign strategy

Answer 2

master game plan by candidates to guide their electoral campaign

Question 3

national party convention

Answer 3

supreme power in each party: meets every 4 years to nominate parties presidential and vcie presidential candidates and write parties platform

Question 4

mcgovern/frassier convention

Answer 4

formed in 1968 democratic convention in response to demands for reform by minority groups and others who watned better representation

Question 5

superdelegates

Answer 5

national party leaders get delegate slot at democratic party’s national convention

Question 6

invisible primary

Answer 6

period before any votes hav happened; candidates competes for early support fron elite of party and create positive first impression of leadership skills

Question 7

caucas

Answer 7

system for selecting convention delegates; dozen of states votes attended meeting ro expresss presidential preference

Question 8

presidential primaries

Answer 8

election where state voters fo to polls and vote for preferencd for party;s nominee for president, vst majority of delegate ot national party are chosen this way

Question 9

front loading

Answer 9

recent trend to hold primaries early in the year to gain media attention; states want to move up primary date for money

Question 10

party platform

Answer 10

a party’s statment of goals and plans for next 4 years; drafted prior to party convention by comitee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to each candidiates strength

Question 11

direct mail

Answer 11

fundraser for campagin; info and requests for money are sent to a list of people who have supported similar views in the past

Question 12

campaign contributions

Answer 12

donations made directly ot candidate or party; reported to FEC; donate up to 2800 for candidiate and 35000 for party

Question 13

federal election campaigh or FEC

Answer 13

passed in 1974; reforming campaign finances, created federal election commission and limites campaign contributions

Question 14

organizing a campaign

Answer 14

1. get a manager
2. get fundrasing
   3.campaign counsel
3. hire media and campaign consultants
   5.assemble campagin staff

Question 15

campaign manager job

Answer 15

1. plan logistics
   2.get research staff and policy adivsors
   4.hire pollister
2. get good press secretary
   5.establish a website

Question 16

federal election comission

Answer 16

6members bipartisan agenscy; enfore campaign finance laws

Question 17

political action comitee or PAC

Answer 17

group that fundraises for ind. and distributes it in form of contr. to candidates the group supports limited to 5000 per year per candidate

Question 18

soft money

Answer 18

political conrtibution for party building expenses at grassroot level or for generic party ads; unlimited unitl banned by mccain-forgold act; support policies and not candidates

Question 19

527 groups

Answer 19

tax code; indepentdant political groups not subjected to contribution restrictions bc they do not seek election of particular candidates; ,must be reported to IRS

Question 20

citizen united vs FEC

Answer 20

ind. corporations and unions could donate infinite money to groups that made ind. political expedties

Question 21

501 (c) groups

Answer 21

tax code; group exempt fro reporting contributions and can recieve unlimited contribution; cant spend more thatn 1/2 of contributions on politics

Question 22

super PACS

Answer 22

ind-expediture-only PAC’; accept donations of any size and promote specific candidates; periodically reposrted to FEC

Question 23

selective perception

Answer 23

phenonmenon where people’s beliefs guide what they pay attention to and how the interpret events

Question 24

suffarage

Answer 24

legal right to vote

Question 25

politcal efficacy

Answer 25

belief that one’e political participation matters; one vote can make a differntce

Question 26

civic duty

Answer 26

belief that in order to support democratic gov, a citizen shoulld vote

Question 27

voter registration

Answer 27

voters neeed to register before voting, some states require 30 dats in advance and other require day off

Question 28

motor voter act

Answer 28

requires states to permit people to register to vote when they apply for a driver liscense

Question 29

mandate theory of elections

Answer 29

idea that winning candidate had a mandate from people to carry out his or her platform and politics

Question 30

policy voting

Answer 30

electoral choice made on basis of voter’s policy preference and where the candidates stand on policy issues

Question 31

electoral college

Answer 31

prociding selection for pres by electors chosen by state; usually reflects pop vote; less populated states are overrepresented and iwnner takes all concetrates campaign on close stature

Question 32

battleground states

Answer 32

key states in pres race that they focus on bc they are most liklely to decide outcome of elecoral college

Question 33

interest groups

Answer 33

org of people w/ shared goals who enter policy process at one or more points, to try to achieve their goals

Question 34

pluralism

Answer 34

theory; policymaking process is open to the participation of all groups with shared interests with no singl gropu dominating; they believe that public interest generally prevails

Question 35

elitism

Answer 35

theory; uppermiddles class elites gold power and make policy regarrdless or formal gov org.

Question 36

hyperplurilism

Answer 36

thory; interst groups are so strong that gov is weakened

Question 37

irontriangles

Answer 37

subgovernment; consists of interest froups, gov agancies and congressional committee or sun comitees that have a mutually dependant relationship, they dominate some areas of domestic policy making

Question 38

potential group

Answer 38

all people who might be in a interest group bc they have a common interest

Question 39

actual group

Answer 39

people in ptentioal group who actually join

Question 40

collective good

Answer 40

soemthing of value that can;t be withheld from anyone

Question 41

free rider problem

Answer 41

people in potentional group who dont join bc they can benefit from groups activity without actually joining

Question 42

selective benefits

Answer 42

goods that a group can restrist to those who actually join

Question 43

single issue groups

Answer 43

narrow interest on whihc members tend to take and uncompromising stance

Question 44

lobbying

Answer 44

process wehre ind. or group communicates with policymakers in an attempt to infoulcen poilcy decision

Question 45

electionering

Answer 45

direct geoup involvemtnt in electoral process; funding campaigns, getting members to work

Question 46

union shop

Answer 46

provision in collective bargaining agreements requires empolyees of unionized buis. to join unions within a short perios of being hires (30 days) and remian a member under condition of employmets

Question 47

right to work laws

Answer 47

state laws that forbid union shops, formed by taft and hartley act of 1947

Question 48

public interest lobbies

Answer 48

org. seeking collective goods, which benefit society as whole