ap gov test 2 and 3 Flashcards
What The US constitution
nations basic law, creates political institutions, assigns or divides powers in gov, and provides certain guarantees to citizens, can be written of unwritten
Declaration of Independance
document approved by reps of American colonies in 1776. stated grievances against the british monarch and declared their independence. was signed in 1776 by thomas jefferson
Declaration of Independance
Natural rights
life,liberty, and property by john locke
onsent of the government.
idea that gove derives its authority from the people. we give ours by living in the the US.consent of the government
limited gov
certain restrictions should be placed on gov to protect natural rights of citizens
limited gov
Articles of Confederation
1st constitution of US, did not work. Had weak central government and had most of the power with in the states. Each state had one vote
Articles of Confederation
shay’s rebellion
shay’s rebellion series of attacks on the courthouse by a small band of farmers led by revolutionary captain daniel shay to block foreclosures
U.S constitution
doccument written in 1781 and ratified in 1788. set fourth the institutional structure of the US gov. 55 delegates met and created it. James madison was the primary author
U.S constitution
factions
groups such as interest groups that accoridng to james madison could cause instability in the government.
factions
basis of the US constitition
basis of the US constitition
Human nature- life was poor, brutish, and short and gov needed some control over that
Political conflict- Keeps factions in check so one didnt overrule the other
Purpose of gov- preservation of ind rights to acquire and hold wealth
Nature of gov-Balanced gov with check so one does not rule the other
New Jersey Plan
purposed at the constitutional convention called for equal representation fo each state in Congress regardless fo the size of the state pop
New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
proposal at the the constitutional convention that called for representation of each state in congress to be proportional to its population
Connecticut compromise
Compromise reached at the constitutional convention that established 2 house reps of congress and house of reps. each rep is based on states population. For senate each state had two reps. this gave power to small states. Slaves counted towards pop as 3/5 person.
Connecticut compromise
writ of habeas corpus
court order requiring authorities to explain to judge what lawful reason they have for capturing a prisoner
writ of habeas corpus
Part of james madisonian model
Seperation of power, checks and balances, establishing federal system, limiting majority control
Separation of Power
constitution requires 3 branches of gov to be independent of each other so that 1 can nor overpower the other and they all share power among three branches.
check and balances
check and balances
constitution requires each branch to get consent of other branch for its actions and limits power of each branch
republic
orm of gov where people select reps to fovern them and make laws
fedralists
supporters of constitution at time states were contemplating adoption
fedralists
Anti-federatlists
Anti-federatlists
opponents of constitution at time states were contemplating adoption
federalists paper
written by hamilton, john jay, james madison. set of 85 essays that promote ratification and proved insightful commentary on nature of new gov system
federalists paper
bill of rights
basic liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, press
1st ten amendment of constitution. drafted in response to anti federalists concerns. ammendment define basic liberties.
basic liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, press
How to propose and ratify ammendments
congress of national convention (2/3 of states) can propose ammendment. State convention or state legislators (2/3) can approve ammendments How to propose and ratify ammendments
powers of the government that are written in constitution
enumerated powers
implied powers
powers that are unwritten but are changes in culture and in powers
implied powers
Marbury vs. Madison
supreme court case where court asserted its power to look through lenses of constitution to determine if defendant was constitutional. Gave power to use judicial review and has been used since.Marbury vs. Madison
judicial Review
powers of courts to determine whether acts of congress are constitutional
judicial Review
federalism
way of organizing gov. 2 or more levels of gov share formal authority over some area and people
Unitary gov
central gov with supreme power over nation. Most govs today are this
Intergovernmental relations
entire set of interactions among national , state, and local gov, including regulations, transfer of funds and more Intergovernmental relations
Supremacy clause
clause in article 6 of constitution, makes constitution , national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws as long as national gov is acting constititinal
Supremacy clause
10th ammendment
powers not delegated to us by constitution, nor prohibited by it to the state are reserved tot he states or to the people. Gov cannot usurp state power
10th ammendment
mcculloch vs maryland
supreme court case. gave supremacy to nat gov over state gov. made national bank and state tried ot tax it but national bank is supreme over state was ruled.
elastic clause
authorizes congress to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated powers. (federal policies against drugs) elastic clause
Gibson vs ogden
supreme court case where they used the commerce clause. Defined power of congress to regulate interstate commerce. Gibson vs ogden
full faith and credi
clause in article 6 that requires each state to recognize the public acts, records and judicial proceeding of all states (ie. drivers licenses and marriage license)
extradition
legal process to where state gives back criminal to the state where the crime was commited
privileges and immunities.
provision of constitution according to citizens of each tae the privileges of citizens of any state in which they happen to be. privileges and immunities
dual federalism
system of gov where state and nat gov each reign supreme within their own sphere, each with diff powers dual federalism
cooperative federalism
system of gov where state and nat gov share powers and policy assignments.cooperative federalism
devolution
transferring responsibilities for plicies from fed gov to state and local govdevolution
fiscal federalism
pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in federal system
fiscal federalism
mandate blues
where the gov requires something of state and the gov say they will help the states with the requirements but then proceeds to not help the states
mandate blues
categorical grants
federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or categories of state and local spending. They come with strings attached such as non discrimination provisions categorical grants
crossover santiong
using federal dollars in ones program to influence state and local policy in another. (withhold money until something gets done) crossover sanction
crosscutting requirments
one condition of federal grants is extended to all activities supported by federal funds. (if is discriminates in one program is loses federal funding for all programs)
project grants
federal categorial grants for specific purposes and give based on merit project grants
formula grants
federal categorial grants given according to formula specified by legislation or in administrative regulations. usually not applied for but given based on formula.
block grants
federal grants given automatically to states or communities to support broad projects in areas such as social services or community development.
block grants
advantages to federalism
decentralizes politics, reduced conflict so they are not all solved in dc, diversity of policy so states can have diff rules, increase participation across gov, more access to gov and more response to demands of public, acceptability of losing
advantages to federalism
disadvantages to federalism
local interests thrawt national majority, burdens and confuses citizens with lots of governments, losers can win if they dont get popular vote.
disadvantages to federalism
natural rights of life, liberty and property
lockes natural rights
can states coin money
NO
how many amendments are there?
27
why impose taxes?
to fund the government
examples of fiscal federalism
relative federal, state, and local government activity during economic downturns, spending in policy areas like education and transportation, and the type and total level of taxation present across areas. r
