ap gov chapter 13

Question 1

budget

Answer 1

policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expeditures)

Question 2

expeditures

Answer 2

gov spending; major areas of spending are social services and national defense

Question 3

revenues

Answer 3

fininacial resources of gov; ind. income tax and ss tax are 3=2 major resources

Question 4

income tax

Answer 4

shares of ind. wages and corporate revenue collected by gov

Question 5

16th amendment

Answer 5

permitted congess to levy on income tax

Question 6

deficit

Answer 6

execess of ferderal expeditures over federal revenues

Question 7

national debt

Answer 7

money borrowedby fed gov over the years; today it is about 25 trillion

Question 8

tax expeditures

Answer 8

revenue losses resulted from speical exemptions, exclusions or deductions allowed by federal tax law

Question 9

social security tax

Answer 9

provde minimial level of sustenance ot older americans and thus save them from poverty

Question 10

medicare

Answer 10

social security program that provides health insurance for elderly, covering hospitlization, doctor fees and more

Question 11

incrementalism

Answer 11

description of budget process, best predictor of this year’s budget is last years budget plus a little more (an increment)

Question 12

uncontrollable expeditures

Answer 12

expeditures determined by how many eligable benefictories there are for a program or by previous obligations of gov that congress cannot easily control

Question 13

entitlement

Answer 13

policies where congress has obligates itself to pay x level of benefits to y number of recipents, ss benefits are an example

Question 14

house ways and means comitee

Answer 14

house of reps comitee and snate finance comitee; write tax code, subject to congree approval as a whole

Question 15

senate finance comitee

Answer 15

senate commitees and house comitee that writes tax codes that are subjest to congress as a whole

Question 16

congressional budget office

Answer 16

advises congress on probable consequences of it’s decisions forecasts revenues and is counterwight to pres office of management andn buget

Question 17

budget resolution

Answer 17

resolution binding congress to toal expediture level; bottom line for all federal spending for all programs

Question 18

reconciliation

Answer 18

congressoional process where program authorization are revised to achieve required savings usually includes tac or other revenue adjustments

Question 19

authorization bill

Answer 19

act of congress, or changes a discretionary gov program or entitlement, specific program goals and maximum expeditures of discretionary programs

Question 20

appropriations bill

Answer 20

act of congress that funds programs within limits est. by authorization bills

Question 21

continuing resolutions

Answer 21

conress cannot reach agreement and pass appropriation bills, resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of precious year