AP Gov. Ch.5 Viridian Leal Flashcards
Harriet Tubman
Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She led more than 70 people to freedom in the North, served the Union during the Civil War, and championed woman’s suffrage.
abolitionist
a supporter, especially in the early 19th century, of ending the institution of slavery.
civil rights
the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals
equal protection clause
section of the 14th Amendment that guarantees all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”
Frederick Douglass
A former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Lucretia Mott, organized the Seneca Falls Convention. Stanton later founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) with Susan B. Anthony.
Lucretia Mott
Leading 19th-century feminist, siffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Convention
The first major feminist meeting, held in New York in 1848, which produced the historic “Declaration of Sentiments” calling for equal rights for women.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott
heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run up to the Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1, 1863, in the third year of the Civil War. It freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion
13th Amendment
One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically bans slavery
14th Amendment
One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all US citizens.
15th Amendment
One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves.
Susan B. Anthony
19th century feminist suffragist, and founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Staton. Anthony later formed (NAWSA), which along with the National Woman’s Party helped to ensure ratification of the 19th Amendment.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
passed by Congress to enforce the 14th Amendment’s guarantees of equal protection to African Americans. Granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions.
Jim Crow Laws
laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations.
poll taxes
taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot.
grandfather clause
voter qualification provisions in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfather had voted before reconstruction to unless they passed a wealth or literacy test.
Progressive Era (1890-1920)
a period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the US.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Supreme Court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the Court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
separate-but-equal doctrine
the central tenet of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision that claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the Constitution. This doctrine was used by southern states to pass widespread discriminatory legislation at the end of the 19th century.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
an important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans.
