AP Gov Ch.3 Viridian Leal

Question 1

confederation

Answer 1

type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states

Question 2

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 2

a political alliance of American Indian tribes established in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adapted by the Framers

Question 3

monarchy

Answer 3

a form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society

Question 4

totalitarianism

Answer 4

a form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regard to rights and liberties

Question 5

oligarchy

Answer 5

a form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement.

Question 6

democracy

Answer 6

a system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people

Question 7

unitary system

Answer 7

system of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government

Question 8

enumerated powers

Answer 8

the powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution

Question 9

implied powers

Answer 9

the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 10

10th Amendment

Answer 10

the final part of The Bill of Rights that defines the basic principles of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 11

reserved powers

Answer 11

powers reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment that lie at the foundation of the state’s rights to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

Question 12

concurrent powers

Answer 12

powers shared by the national and state governments

Question 13

bill of attainder

Answer 13

a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

Question 14

ex post facto law

Answer 14

law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

Question 15

full faith and credit clause

Answer 15

Section of Article 4 of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 16

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 16

part of Article 4 of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same right as citizens of all other states

Question 17

extradition clause

Answer 17

part of Article 4 (IV) of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

Question 18

interstate compacts

Answer 18

contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as tool to address multi state policy concerns

Question 19

Dillion’s Rule

Answer 19

a premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillion in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them

Question 20

charter

Answer 20

a document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions for local government. Charters for local governments must be approved by state legislatures.

Question 21

counties

Answer 21

the basic administrative units of local governments

Question 22

municipalities

Answer 22

city governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

Question 23

special district

Answer 23

a local government that is restricted to a particular function

Question 24

John Marshall

Answer 24

The longest-serving Supreme Court Chief Justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshall’s decision in Marbury v. Madison in 1803 established the principle of judicial review in the U.S.

Question 25

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 25

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of the state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The Court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 26

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 26

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 27

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 27

Supreme Court ruling that, before the Civil War, limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not to the states

Question 28

Roger B. Taney

Answer 28

Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864. Taney supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era.

Question 29

dual federalism

Answer 29

the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism.

Question 30

nilification

Answer 30

the belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law

Question 31

John C. Calhoun

Answer 31

a politician and political theorist from South Carolina who supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era and served as vice president from 1825 to 1832

Question 32

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Answer 32

A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run up to the Civil War

Question 33

Civil War

Answer 33

the military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the U.S between the Northern forces of the Union and the Southern forces of the Confederacy. Over 600,00 Americans lost their lives during this war.

Question 34

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 34

16th President of the U.S, first elected Republican president from 1861-1865. Led the Union through the Civil War and was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.

Question 35

secession

Answer 35

a unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The 11 Southern states making up the Confederacy during the Civil War seceded from the U.S.

Question 36

Confederate States of America

Answer 36

the political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union victory

Question 37

Reconstruction

Answer 37

the period from 1865-1877 after the Civil War, in which the U.S. military occupied and dominated the eleven former states of the Confederacy

Question 38

Andrew Johnson

Answer 38

17th President of the U.S., a Republican that served from 1865-1869. Johnson had served as Abraham Lincoln’s vice president and became president after Lincoln’s assassination.

Question 39

16th Amendment

Answer 39

authorized Congress to enact a national income tax

Question 40

17th Amendment

Answer 40

senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by state legislature

Question 41

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 41

30th President of the U.S., a Republican who served from 1923-1929

Question 42

Herbert Hoover

Answer 42

31st President of the U.S., a Republican, who served from 1929-1933 during the start of the Great Depression

Question 43

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 43

32nd President of the U.S., a Democrat, who served from 1933-1945. FDR’s leadership took the U.S. through the Great Depression and WW2.

Question 44

New Deal

Answer 44

the name given to the program of “relief, recovery, reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression

Question 45

cooperative federalism

Answer 45

the intertwined relationship between national state, and local governments that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism.

Question 46

progressive federalism

Answer 46

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

Question 47

Barack Obama

Answer 47

The first African American President of the U.S., a democrat, who served as the 44th president from 2009-2017. Senator from Illinois from 2005-2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997-2004.

Question 48

categorical grants

Answer 48

grants that appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose

Question 49

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 49

36th President of the U.S., a Democrat, who served from 1964-1969. LBJ led the nation during the Civil Rights era and the Vietnam War

Question 50

Great Society

Answer 50

reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemploRoyment relief.

Question 51

Ronadl Reagan

Answer 51

40th President of the U.S., a Republican that served from 1981-1989. Reagan led the nation through the end of the Cold War and his leadership led to a national shift toward political conservatism.

Question 52

New Federalism

Answer 52

Federal-state relationship proposed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to state governments

Question 53

block grant

Answer 53

a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines

Question 54

programmatic requests

Answer 54

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; also called earmarks

Question 55

federal system

Answer 55

system of government in which the national government and state governments share powers and derive all authority from the people