AP Gov Ch.15 Viridian Leal Flashcards

1
Q

Affordable Care Act

A

a 2010 law designed to ensure that nearly all Americans would have access to healthcare coverage, including those living in poverty.

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2
Q

public policy

A

an international course of action or inaction followed by government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern

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3
Q

distributive policies

A

public policies that provide benefits to individuals, groups, communities, or corporations

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4
Q

regulatory policies

A

Public policies that limit the activities of individuals or corporations or prohibit any types of unacceptable behavior

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5
Q

re distributive policies

A

public policies that transfer resources from one group to assist another group

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6
Q

systematic agenda

A

a set of issues to be discussed or given attention; it consists of all public issues viewed as requiring governmental attention

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7
Q

governmental (institutional) agenda

A

problems to which public officials feel obligated to devote active and serious attention

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8
Q

agenda setting

A

the process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by government

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9
Q

policy formulation

A

the crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems

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10
Q

policy adoption

A

the approval of a policy proposal by people with the requisite authority, such as legislature

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11
Q

policy implementation

A

the process of carrying out public policy

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12
Q

policy evaluation

A

the process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals

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13
Q

fiscal policy

A

the deliberate use of the national government’s taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability

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14
Q

national debt

A

the total amount owned by the federal government to its creditors, both domestic and international

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15
Q

laissez-faire

A

economic philosophy that endorses a very limited role of government in the economy

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16
Q

recession

A

a decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases

17
Q

depression

A

a severe and long lasting decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases

18
Q

Keynesian economics

A

an economic approach first championed by economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s, who maintained that spending by government can stimulate economic growth much faster than a free market could on its own

19
Q

inflation

A

a rise in the general price levels of goods and services within economy

20
Q

budget deficit

A

the economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues

21
Q

gross domestic product

A

the total market value of all gods and services produced in a country during a year

22
Q

monetary policy

A

a form of government regulation in which the nation’s money supply and interest rates are controlled

23
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

The organization in the US tasked with such responsibilities such as managing the money supply, stabilizing prices, moderating interest rates and reducing unemployment

24
Q

Board of Governs

A

In the FRS, a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interest rates and the supply of money; it is led by the Federal Reserve chair

25
Q

open market operations

A

the buying and selling of government securities by the Federal Reserve Bank

26
Q

discount rate

A

the rate of interest at which the Federal Reserve Board lends money to member banks

27
Q

reserve requirements

A

government requirements that a portion of member banks’ deposits be retained as backing for their loans

28
Q

Medicare

A

the federal program established during Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration that provides medical acre for the elderly Social Security recipients

29
Q

Department of Health and Human Services

A

the cabinet-level department administering most federal social welfare and health-related policies and programs; it includes the National Institutes for Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Food and Drug Control Administration

30
Q

medicaid

A

a government program that subsidizes medical care for the poor

31
Q

No Child Left Behind Act

A

Bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method of improving American education across states; in 2016, it was largely replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act

32
Q

Common Core

A

a voluntarily adopted multi-state-approach to setting standards that all students should achieve up through the high-school level

33
Q

vouchers

A

certificates issued by the government that may be applied toward the cost of attending private or other public schools

34
Q

charter schools

A

semi-public schools that have open admission and receive some support from the government and may also receive private donations to increase the quality of education

35
Q

Social Security Act

A

A 1935 law that established old age insurance; assistance for the needy, aged, blind, and families with dependent children; and unemployed insurance

36
Q

entitlement programs

A

government benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria-such as age, income level, or unemployment-are “legally” entitled to receive

37
Q

non-means-tested programs

A

programs that provide cash assistance to qualified beneficiaries, regardless of income; social security and unemployment

38
Q

means-tested program

A

programs requiring beneficiaries to have incomes below specified levels to be eligible for benefits; Social Security Insurance , Temporary Aid for Needy Families, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, “food stamps”