Ap Euro Unit 9

Question 1

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 1

German philosopher known for his critiques of traditional morality and his concept of the “Übermensch” or “superman.”

Question 2

Albert Einstein

Answer 2

Albert Einstein: Renowned physicist whose theory of relativity revolutionized modern physics, earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Question 3

1984

Answer 3

Dystopian novel by George Orwell depicting a totalitarian society ruled by a tyrannical regime led by “Big Brother.”

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

Sociological theory emphasizing the functional roles of social institutions in maintaining social order and stability.

Question 5

John Maynard Keynes

Answer 5

British economist whose ideas on government intervention in the economy laid the foundation for Keynesian economics.

Question 6

Dawes Plan

Answer 6

Dawes Plan: International agreement in 1924

Question 7

Locarno Treaties

Answer 7

Series of agreements signed in 1925 aimed at easing tensions in Europe by guaranteeing Germany’s western borders with France and Belgium.

Question 8

Great Depression

Answer 8

Severe worldwide economic downturn lasting from 1929 to the late 1930s, marked by widespread unemployment, poverty, and financial instability.

Question 9

Gustav Stresemann

Answer 9

German statesman and Chancellor known for his role in stabilizing the Weimar Republic and negotiating treaties like the Locarno Treaties.

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, whose theories revolutionized the understanding of the human mind.

Question 11

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 11

International agreement signed in 1928 renouncing war as a tool of national policy, though ultimately ineffective in preventing World War II.

Question 12

Popular Front

Answer 12

Left-wing coalition governments formed in several European countries in the 1930s to counter rising fascism and address economic crises.

Question 13

NEP (New Economic Policy)

Answer 13

Soviet economic policy introduced by Lenin in 1921, allowing limited capitalism to revive the economy after the Russian Civil War

Question 14

Five-Year Plans

Answer 14

Series of centralized economic plans implemented by Stalin in the Soviet Union aimed at rapidly industrializing the country.

Question 15

Collectivization

Answer 15

Policy in the Soviet Union under Stalin to consolidate individual farms into large, state-controlled collective farms.

Question 16

Enabling Act

Answer 16

Legislation passed in Nazi Germany in 1933, granting Hitler dictatorial powers and effectively establishing a totalitarian regime.

Question 17

Nuremberg Laws

Answer 17

Antisemitic laws enacted in Nazi Germany in 1935, depriving Jews of civil rights and legal protections.

Question 18

Mein Kampf

Answer 18

Autobiographical manifesto written by Adolf Hitler, outlining his political ideology and goals for Germany.

Question 19

Munich Conference

Answer 19

1938 meeting between European powers, resulting in the appeasement of Hitler’s territorial demands in Czechoslovakia.

Question 20

Grand Alliance

Answer 20

Coalition between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain during World War II against the Axis powers.

Question 21

Pearl Harbor

Answer 21

Surprise military strike by Japan on the United States naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, leading to American entry into World War II.

Question 22

Nagasaki/Hiroshima

Answer 22

Japanese cities targeted by atomic bombs dropped by the United States in August 1945, leading to Japan’s surrender and the end of World War II.

Question 23

Final Solution

Answer 23

Nazi Germany’s systematic genocide of six million Jews during the Holocaust.

Question 24

Lateran Agreement

Answer 24

Concordat between Mussolini’s fascist government and the Vatican in 1929, establishing Vatican City as an independent state.

Question 25

Island Hopping

Answer 25

Allied strategy in the Pacific during World War II, involving capturing key islands while bypassing heavily fortified ones.

Question 26

Battle of the Bulge

Answer 26

Major German offensive in 1944-1945 during World War II, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides but ultimately ending in Allied victory.

Question 27

Mussolini

Answer 27

Italian fascist dictator who ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943, allying with Hitler during World War II.

Question 28

Totalitarianism

Answer 28

Political system characterized by centralized control, repression of dissent, and an all-encompassing state ideology.

Question 29

Stalin

Answer 29

Soviet leader who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, implementing policies of rapid industrialization and collectivization.

Question 30

Holocaust

Answer 30

Systematic genocide of six million Jews by the Nazi regime during World War II, along with millions of other victims including Romani people, Slavs, and others.

Question 31

Night of the Broken Glass

Answer 31

Pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and Austria in November 1938, resulting in widespread violence, destruction of Jewish property, and arrests.

Question 32

Picasso

Answer 32

Spanish artist known for his contributions to the development of modern art, including co-founding the Cubist movement.

Question 33

Van Gogh

Answer 33

Dutch post-impressionist painter known for his vivid colors and emotional portrayal of landscapes, still lifes, and self-portraits.

Question 34

Buying on margin

Answer 34

Practice of purchasing stocks with borrowed money, contributing to the speculation and subsequent crash of the stock market in 1929.

Question 35

Business cycle

Answer 35

Fluctuations in economic activity characterized by periods of expansion, contraction, and recovery.

Question 36

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Answer 36

Non-aggression pact signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.

Question 37

Atlantic Wall

Answer 37

Extensive system of coastal defenses built by Nazi Germany along the coast of Western Europe during World War II.

Question 38

Maginot Line

Answer 38

Line of French fortifications along the eastern border with Germany during World War II, designed to deter German invasion but ultimately circumvented by the Germans.

Question 39

Embargo

Answer 39

Official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country, often imposed for political reasons.

Question 40

Third Reich

Answer 40

Official name for Nazi Germany, referring to the regime under Adolf Hitler's rule from 1933 to 1945.

Question 41

Anschluss

Answer 41

Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938, violating the Treaty of Versailles and furthering Hitler's expansionist goals.

Question 42

SS (Schutzstaffel)

Answer 42

Paramilitary organization under Nazi Germany, initially serving as Hitler's personal bodyguards but later expanding to encompass various security and military functions.

Question 43

SA (Sturmabteilung)

Answer 43

Paramilitary organization under Nazi Germany, known for its role in the early stages of Hitler's rise to power as well as for its street violence and intimidation tactics.

Question 44

Lebensraum

Answer 44

Nazi ideology advocating for territorial expansion to acquire "living space" for the German people, particularly in Eastern Europe.

Question 45

Economic Consequences of the Peace

Answer 45

Book written by John Maynard Keynes in 1919, critiquing the Treaty of Versailles and predicting its negative economic impact on Germany and Europe.