Ap Euro Unit 6 Flashcards
Ap Euro
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of profound economic, social, and technological change characterized by the transition from agrarian and handicraft economies to industrialized ones.
Water Frame
The water frame was a spinning frame powered by water that played a crucial role in the mechanization of textile production during the Industrial Revolution.
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny was a multi-spindle spinning frame invented by James Hargreaves, enabling one worker to spin multiple threads simultaneously, revolutionizing textile manufacturing.
Body Linen
Body linen refers to the undergarments made of linen fabric, which became more widely produced and accessible during the Industrial Revolution.
Steam Engine
The steam engine, pioneered by figures like James Watt, was a pivotal invention that powered machinery, transportation, and facilitated industrial growth during the 18th and 19th centuries.
The Rocket
The Rocket was an early steam locomotive designed by George Stephenson, marking a significant advancement in railway technology during the Industrial Revolution.
Crystal Palace
The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and glass structure built in London to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, showcasing technological and industrial advancements.
Thomas Malthus
Malthus, referring to Thomas Malthus, was an economist known for his theory on population growth outpacing food supply, influencing debates on demographics and resource scarcity.
David Ricardo
Ricardo, referring to David Ricardo, was an economist known for his theory of comparative advantage, which underpins modern international trade theory.
Tariff
A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods, often used as a tool for protecting domestic industries or raising revenue for governments.
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an individual who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in pursuit of profit.
Fredrich List
Friedrich List was a German economist who advocated for economic nationalism and protective tariffs to develop domestic industries.
Economic Nationalism
Economic nationalism is a policy approach that prioritizes the economic interests of a nation, often through protectionist measures and state intervention in the economy.
Class-consciousness
Class-consciousness refers to awareness and identification with one’s social class, often associated with the development of labor movements and socialist ideologies.
Strutt Family
The Strutt Family were prominent industrialists in England, known for their innovations in textile manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution.
Luddties
Luddites were 19th-century English textile workers who protested against the mechanization of their industry by destroying machinery they believed threatened their livelihoods.
Factory Act
The Factory Act of 1833 was legislation in the United Kingdom aimed at improving working conditions and regulating child labor in factories.
The Mines Act
The Mines Act of 1842 was legislation in the United Kingdom that prohibited women and children from working underground in mines, addressing safety concerns.
The Combinnation Act
The Combination Acts were British laws that outlawed trade unions and collective bargaining by workers, repealed in 1824 and 1825.
Robert Owen
Robert Owen was a Welsh social reformer and industrialist known for his efforts to improve working conditions and establish cooperative communities.
Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural innovation and productivity growth preceding the Industrial Revolution.
Banalities
Banalities were dues paid to feudal lords by peasants for the use of common lands or other services.
Corvee
Corvee was a form of unpaid labor imposed by the state, often on peasants, for public works projects or other duties.
Enclosure
Enclosure refers to the process of consolidating and fencing off common lands into individual property holdings, often associated with agricultural improvements in England.
Textile
Textile refers to any type of cloth or woven fabric, a key product of the Industrial Revolution and a driving force behind early industrialization.
Consumer Revolution
The consumer revolution was a period of increasing consumption of goods and services by households, fueled by rising incomes and the availability of mass-produced goods.
Ghettos
Ghettos were segregated areas within cities, often inhabited by marginalized or minority populations.
James Watt
James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer known for his improvements to the steam engine, making it a practical and efficient source of power
Chartist Movement
The Chartist Movement was a 19th-century British political movement advocating for democratic reforms, including universal suffrage and the secret ballot.
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, and collaborator with Karl Marx in the development of Marxist theory.
Capitalist
A capitalist is an individual who owns capital or means of production and invests in business ventures for profit.
Proletariat
The proletariat refers to the working class, particularly those who do not own the means of production, according to Marxist theory.
