AP Chem Basic Terms Pt 3

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest particle that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

A copper penny has 2.4 x 10^22 atoms

Question 2

Zeros

Answer 2

Leading: never
Trailing with decimal: yes
Trailing no decimal: no
Sandwiched: yes

Question 3

STP

Answer 3

Standard Temperature and Pressure

Gases at STP: 1 mol is 22.4 L

Standard Temp: 0 Celsius

Question 4

Naming Acids

Answer 4

1. Start with H (hydrogen)
2. General formula: HX where X can be any anion (any negative)

Question 5

Concentration

Answer 5

Amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

Question 6

Molarity (M)

Answer 6

Mols of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

M = Mol solute / L solution = mol/L

Question 7

Dilution

Answer 7

Add water to a solution to decrease the concentration/ molarity

Formula: M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

M- molarity
V- volume

Question 8

How to measure matter

Answer 8

By count

By mass

By volume

Question 9

All matter is composed of ___

Answer 9

Atoms, molecules, ions

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

Group of atoms bonded together in some kind of specific ratio

Question 11

Atoms

Answer 11

Single things, no charge

Question 12

Ions

Answer 12

Charged particles, gaining or losing electrons

Question 13

Molar mass is a conversion factor to convert ____

Answer 13

Grams to moles

Question 14

Precipitation reaction

Answer 14

A double replacement reaction that produces a solid (precipitate)

Question 15

Precipitate

Answer 15

A solid that is formed from 2 aqueous solutions; appear cloudy, or foggy; can be colors or white

Question 16

Spectator ions

Answer 16

“Watch” the reaction but do not participate; remain unchanged in both sides of arrow

Question 17

Net ionic equation

Answer 17

Only shows species that react, eliminates spectators

Question 18

Octet rule

Answer 18

All atoms want 8 valence e- to be stable

Question 19

Valence e-

Answer 19

Outermost e-

Question 20

Dimensional analysis

Answer 20

Problem solving technique using units and conversion factors

Question 21

Conversion factor

Answer 21

2 measurements that are equal

Question 22

Matter

Answer 22

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

Question 23

Not matter

Answer 23

Light
Temp
Heat
Gravity
Sound

*Air is matter

Question 24

Pure substance

Answer 24

One with a fixed composition and the same throughout

Have chemical formulas

Question 25

Mixture

Answer 25

A physical blend of 2 or more substances

Do not have chemical equations

Question 26

Element

Answer 26

The simplest form of matter that remains unchanged in a reaction

Question 27

Compound

Answer 27

A fixed ratio of 2 or more elements

Question 28

Heterogenous mixture

Answer 28

“Hetero” - different

Different throughout

Question 29

Homogenous mixture

Answer 29

“Homo” - same

Same throughout