AP Bio unit 3

Question 1

what is atp made of

Answer 1

molecule of adenoine bonded to three phosphates

Question 2

when a cell needs energy how does it happen

Answer 2

takes an atp molecule and splits off the third phosphate which forms ADP
ATP = ADP + p + energy

Question 3

cellualr respiartion

Answer 3

breaking down sugar
making atp

Question 4

materials needed for photosyntheus

Answer 4

water and carbon dioxide

Question 5

what is produced from photosythsis

Answer 5

oxygen

Question 6

procees of photosynthsis

Answer 6

photons of sunlight activate the chloraphil exciting the ecltrons
the elctrons produce ATP and NADPH
these are used for the dark reactions to make carbohydrates
water and oxygen get realsed

Question 7

Light Reaction:

Answer 7

Light powers the production of ATP and NADPH

Question 8

Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle):

Answer 8

CO₂ gets fixed into sugars using ATP and NADPH.”

Question 9

light aborsbing pigmnet in photosynthsis

Answer 9

chloraphil A
chlorpalill B
caroteniods

Question 10

antenna pigments

Answer 10

gather light and bounce energy to the reaction center
only one capable of converting light energy into chemcia

Question 11

2 type of reaction centers

Answer 11

photosysytem 1 and 2

Question 12

what p happens in photosystem 2

Answer 12

p680
meaning has a max aborsbtion at a wavelength of 680 nanometers

Question 13

the reaction center at photosystem 1

Answer 13

p700
best absorbs light at a wavelength of 700 nanmeters

Question 14

photophosphorylation

Answer 14

light energy is use to make atp
autotphos using light and adp and phosphates to produce atp

Question 15

aborsbtion spectrum

Answer 15

how well a pigmnet aborbs electromagnetic radiation

Question 16

emission spectrum

Answer 16

which wavelenghts are edmitted by a pigmnet

Question 17

why are plants green

Answer 17

aborb all other colors but refelct green

Question 18

photolysis

Answer 18

to replenish electrons in thylakiod water is split into oxygen, hydrogen, and elecrtons
replace the elctrons from photosystem 2

Question 19

light reaction processes

Answer 19

. leaf captures sunlight
.energy sent to p680
. activated electrons are trapped
. electrons passed to primary accpetor
.passed down to electron transport chain
. . pump hydrogen into thylakoid lumens
. protein gradient created
. hydrogen ions move into stroma through atp synthesis
. atp made
. electrons go to photosystem 1
. electrons reach final elctron acccpteer NADP+ to make NADPH

Question 20

where do light reactions happne

Answer 20

thylakoid membranes

Question 21

cyclic photophosphorylation

Answer 21

genertaes only atp no NADPH
takes place in photoystem 1

Question 22

what does p680 in photosystem 2 do

Answer 22

capture light and pass elctrons down electron transport to produce atp

Question 23

what does p700 in photosystem 1 do

Answer 23

capture light pass electrons down electron transport to produce NADPH

Question 24

what happnes when water is split

Answer 24

split by sunlight
realsing electrons, hydorgen
free 02

Question 25

dark reactions/ light independnt

Answer 25

use the products of light eactions ( atp and nadph) to make sugar

Question 26

carbon fixation

Answer 26

c02 from the air is converted into carbohydrates happens in the stroma

Question 27

important facts abt dark reactions

Answer 27

calvin cycle occurs in stroma of chlorplast atp and nadph from light reactions are necassy for carbon fixation c02 is bonded to form glucose

Question 28

what is input and output of light dependt reaction and location

Answer 28

input: phtons, h20 output: NADPH, ATP, 02 location: thylakoid membrane of chlorpalst, phtotsystem 1 and 2

Question 29

what is input and output of light indepdent reaction and location

Answer 29

input: 3c02, 9ATP, 6 NADPH output: suagr location: stroma

Question 30

photorespiration

Answer 30

wasteful process that uses atp and 02 produces more c02 and doesn't produce any suagrs

Question 31

cam planst

Answer 31

seperting carbon fixation and calvin cycle at night add c02 during day release c02

Question 32

c4 plants

Answer 32

can perform c02 in a diff part than the calvin cycle 4 carbon moleucle

Question 33

aerobic respiration

Answer 33

presnces of oxygen

Question 34

anerobic respirtaion

Answer 34

oxygen is not present

Question 35

into to aerobic respiration

Answer 35

1. glucose 2. formation of actyl coa 3. krebs cycle 4. oxidative phosphorlation

Question 36

what happnes in the first 3 stages

Answer 36

glucose broke down and energy is made and NADH and FADH2

Question 37

fourth stage

Answer 37

elctron carries unload electrons and energy is used to make more atp

Question 38

glysolsis

Answer 38

splitting of glucose broken into 3 carbon molecules ( pyruvic acid) 2 molecules of atp and 2 NADH occurs in cytoplasm ( 2 atp go in 4 come out)

Question 39

formation of acetyl coa

Answer 39

purvic acid coverted to acetyl enzyme c02 realsed the process is caused by PDC

Question 40

krebs cycle

Answer 40

one molcule added at a time carbons turned to co2 happens in matrix of mitocondra acetyl combined with oxaloacetate creates citric acid 1 atp 3 NADH 1 FADH2

Question 41

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 41

electrosns go down the elctron trnaposrt chain hydoregn ions split oxygen combines with electron to form water

Question 42

chemoismosis

Answer 42

pump hydrogen ions acorss the intemermbrane of mitocondra creates ph graidnet pumping of ions to create atp

Question 43

atp synthase

Answer 43

channles hydoren ions diffudse across inner membrane