AP Bio unit 3 Flashcards
what is atp made of
molecule of adenoine bonded to three phosphates
when a cell needs energy how does it happen
takes an atp molecule and splits off the third phosphate which forms ADP
ATP = ADP + p + energy
cellualr respiartion
breaking down sugar
making atp
materials needed for photosyntheus
water and carbon dioxide
what is produced from photosythsis
oxygen
procees of photosynthsis
photons of sunlight activate the chloraphil exciting the ecltrons
the elctrons produce ATP and NADPH
these are used for the dark reactions to make carbohydrates
water and oxygen get realsed
Light Reaction:
Light powers the production of ATP and NADPH
Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle):
CO₂ gets fixed into sugars using ATP and NADPH.”
light aborsbing pigmnet in photosynthsis
chloraphil A
chlorpalill B
caroteniods
antenna pigments
gather light and bounce energy to the reaction center
only one capable of converting light energy into chemcia
2 type of reaction centers
photosysytem 1 and 2
what p happens in photosystem 2
p680
meaning has a max aborsbtion at a wavelength of 680 nanometers
the reaction center at photosystem 1
p700
best absorbs light at a wavelength of 700 nanmeters
photophosphorylation
light energy is use to make atp
autotphos using light and adp and phosphates to produce atp
aborsbtion spectrum
how well a pigmnet aborbs electromagnetic radiation
emission spectrum
which wavelenghts are edmitted by a pigmnet
why are plants green
aborb all other colors but refelct green
photolysis
to replenish electrons in thylakiod water is split into oxygen, hydrogen, and elecrtons
replace the elctrons from photosystem 2
light reaction processes
. leaf captures sunlight
.energy sent to p680
. activated electrons are trapped
. electrons passed to primary accpetor
.passed down to electron transport chain
. . pump hydrogen into thylakoid lumens
. protein gradient created
. hydrogen ions move into stroma through atp synthesis
. atp made
. electrons go to photosystem 1
. electrons reach final elctron acccpteer NADP+ to make NADPH
where do light reactions happne
thylakoid membranes
cyclic photophosphorylation
genertaes only atp no NADPH
takes place in photoystem 1
what does p680 in photosystem 2 do
capture light and pass elctrons down electron transport to produce atp
what does p700 in photosystem 1 do
capture light pass electrons down electron transport to produce NADPH
what happnes when water is split
split by sunlight
realsing electrons, hydorgen
free 02
dark reactions/ light independnt
use the products of light eactions ( atp and nadph) to make sugar
carbon fixation
c02 from the air is converted into carbohydrates
happens in the stroma
important facts abt dark reactions
calvin cycle occurs in stroma of chlorplast
atp and nadph from light reactions are necassy for carbon fixation
c02 is bonded to form glucose
what is input and output of light dependt reaction and location
input: phtons, h20
output: NADPH, ATP, 02
location: thylakoid membrane of chlorpalst, phtotsystem 1 and 2
what is input and output of light indepdent reaction and location
input: 3c02, 9ATP, 6 NADPH
output: suagr
location: stroma
photorespiration
wasteful process that uses atp and 02 produces more c02 and doesn’t produce any suagrs
cam planst
seperting carbon fixation and calvin cycle
at night add c02
during day release c02
c4 plants
can perform c02 in a diff part than the calvin cycle
4 carbon moleucle
aerobic respiration
presnces of oxygen
anerobic respirtaion
oxygen is not present
into to aerobic respiration
- glucose
- formation of actyl coa
- krebs cycle
- oxidative phosphorlation
what happnes in the first 3 stages
glucose broke down and energy is made and NADH and FADH2
fourth stage
elctron carries unload electrons and energy is used to make more atp
glysolsis
splitting of glucose
broken into 3 carbon molecules ( pyruvic acid)
2 molecules of atp and 2 NADH
occurs in cytoplasm
( 2 atp go in 4 come out)
formation of acetyl coa
purvic acid coverted to acetyl enzyme
c02 realsed
the process is caused by PDC
krebs cycle
one molcule added at a time
carbons turned to co2
happens in matrix of mitocondra
acetyl combined with oxaloacetate creates citric acid
1 atp
3 NADH
1 FADH2
oxidative phosphorylation
electrosns go down the elctron trnaposrt chain
hydoregn ions split
oxygen combines with electron to form water
chemoismosis
pump hydrogen ions acorss the intemermbrane of mitocondra
creates ph graidnet
pumping of ions to create atp
atp synthase
channles
hydoren ions diffudse across inner membrane
