Ap Bio Chapters 26, 27, And 40

Question 0

The order from most external to most internal

Answer 0

1) Capsule
2) Cell wall
3) Plasma membrane

Question 1

The most common compound in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan

Question 2

Two structures that play direct roles in permitting bacteria to adhere to each other, or to other surfaces.

Answer 2

Capsules and Fimbriae

Question 3

The genomes of prokaryotes

Answer 3

Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained within a nucleus but rather are found at the nucleoid region.

Question 4

Organisms that use light energy to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide.

Answer 4

Photoautotrophs

Question 5

Organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances; energy that is used, in part, to fix carbon dioxide.

Answer 5

Chemoautotrophs

Question 6

Why do sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals have the same fusiform body shape?

Answer 6

Because natural selection shapes similar adaptations when diverse organisms face the same environmental challenge, and because the laws of hydrodynamics constrain the shapes that are possible for aquatic animals that swim very fast.

Question 7

Cells are to tissues as tissues are to what?

Answer 7

Organs

Question 8

Collagenous fibers are primarily found in what type of animal tissue?

Answer 8

Connective

Question 9

What is stratified cuboidal epithelium composed of?

Answer 9

Several layers of box-like cells

Question 10

A statement that best links the groups of tissues known as connective tissue

Answer 10

A connective tissue will have relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix.

Question 11

If you gently twist your earlobe it does not remain distorted because it contains what?

Answer 11

Elastin fibers

Question 12

Characteristics of blood that best explain its classification as connective tissue

Answer 12

Its cells are widely dispersed and surrounded by fluid

Question 13

What is the functional unit of nervous tissue?

Answer 13

Neuron

Question 14

Statement about standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 14

Both SMR and BMR are measured in a resting, fasting, nonstressed state

Question 15

The LEAST reliable indicator of an animal’s metabolic rate would be the amount of what?

Answer 15

Water it drinks

Question 16

Common event that most closely resembles negative feedback

Answer 16

The water shuts off when the float rises in the tank of a toilet

Question 17

The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal environment is called what?

Answer 17

Homeostasis

Question 18

How does positive feedback differ from negative feedback?

Answer 18

In positive feedback, the effector’s response is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.

Question 19

Consider an ectotherm and an endotherm of equal body size. The ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than the endotherm because?

Answer 19

The ectotherm will expend less energy/kg body weight than the endotherm and the ectotherm will invest little to no energy in temperature regulation.

Question 20

Assertion about regulation of body temperature

Answer 20

Endothermy involves production of heat through metabolism

Question 21

If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders, and if organisms D, E, and F belong to the same order but to different families, which of the pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?

Answer 21

D and F

Question 22

Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities if these two species are probably due to what?

Answer 22

Possession of analogous structures

Question 23

When using a classification approach to systematics, what is considered most important for classification?

Answer 23

Shared derived characters

Question 24

The sequence from the broadest to the narrowest of the taxonomic levels

Answer 24

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 25

Cell wall

Answer 25

Composed almost entirely of peptidoglycan

Question 26

Requires ATP to function, and permits some species to respond to taxis

Answer 26

Flagellum

Question 27

Not present in all bacteria, this material enables cells to resist the host defenses

Answer 27

Capsule

Question 28

Not present in all bacteria, this structure enables cells to germinate after exposure to harsh conditions.

Answer 28

Endospore

Question 29

Structure that permits conjugation to occur

Answer 29

Sex pilus

Question 30

This structure connects the cytoplasm of two bacteria, one of these cells may gain new genetic material

Answer 30

Sex pilus

Question 31

This structure contains a copy of the chromosome, along with a small amount of dehydrated cytoplasm, within a tough wall.

Answer 31

Endospore