Ap Bio Chapters 26, 27, And 40 Flashcards
The order from most external to most internal
1) Capsule
2) Cell wall
3) Plasma membrane
The most common compound in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria
Peptidoglycan
Two structures that play direct roles in permitting bacteria to adhere to each other, or to other surfaces.
Capsules and Fimbriae
The genomes of prokaryotes
Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained within a nucleus but rather are found at the nucleoid region.
Organisms that use light energy to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
Photoautotrophs
Organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances; energy that is used, in part, to fix carbon dioxide.
Chemoautotrophs
Why do sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals have the same fusiform body shape?
Because natural selection shapes similar adaptations when diverse organisms face the same environmental challenge, and because the laws of hydrodynamics constrain the shapes that are possible for aquatic animals that swim very fast.
Cells are to tissues as tissues are to what?
Organs
Collagenous fibers are primarily found in what type of animal tissue?
Connective
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium composed of?
Several layers of box-like cells
A statement that best links the groups of tissues known as connective tissue
A connective tissue will have relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix.
If you gently twist your earlobe it does not remain distorted because it contains what?
Elastin fibers
Characteristics of blood that best explain its classification as connective tissue
Its cells are widely dispersed and surrounded by fluid
What is the functional unit of nervous tissue?
Neuron
Statement about standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Both SMR and BMR are measured in a resting, fasting, nonstressed state
The LEAST reliable indicator of an animal’s metabolic rate would be the amount of what?
Water it drinks
Common event that most closely resembles negative feedback
The water shuts off when the float rises in the tank of a toilet
The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal environment is called what?
Homeostasis
How does positive feedback differ from negative feedback?
In positive feedback, the effector’s response is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.
Consider an ectotherm and an endotherm of equal body size. The ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than the endotherm because?
The ectotherm will expend less energy/kg body weight than the endotherm and the ectotherm will invest little to no energy in temperature regulation.
Assertion about regulation of body temperature
Endothermy involves production of heat through metabolism
If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders, and if organisms D, E, and F belong to the same order but to different families, which of the pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?
D and F
Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities if these two species are probably due to what?
Possession of analogous structures
When using a classification approach to systematics, what is considered most important for classification?
Shared derived characters
The sequence from the broadest to the narrowest of the taxonomic levels
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Cell wall
Composed almost entirely of peptidoglycan
Requires ATP to function, and permits some species to respond to taxis
Flagellum
Not present in all bacteria, this material enables cells to resist the host defenses
Capsule
Not present in all bacteria, this structure enables cells to germinate after exposure to harsh conditions.
Endospore
Structure that permits conjugation to occur
Sex pilus
This structure connects the cytoplasm of two bacteria, one of these cells may gain new genetic material
Sex pilus
This structure contains a copy of the chromosome, along with a small amount of dehydrated cytoplasm, within a tough wall.
Endospore
