AP Flashcards
Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome? A)protein synthesis B)energy production C)cell movement D)storage of molecules
A
Because muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelles would be prevalent in those types of cells? A)Ribosomes B)Mitochondria C)Cytoskeleton D)Cell membrane
B
Which of the following cells are responsible for storing genetic information? A)nucleus B)ribosomes C)cell membrane D)brain
A
In the human body, which of the following organs is in a superior position to the lungs? A)stomach B)brain C)spleen D)heart
B
Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs? A)alveoli B)heart C)trachea D)diaphragm
D
Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its functions?
A)alveoli are large to maximize gas exchange
B)the walls of the alveoli are thin to increase the rate of diffusion
C)the walls of the alveoli are thick to prevent pressure build-up
D)alveoli are small to increase the transportation of cells
B
Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?
A)it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body
B)in involves the inhalation and exhalation of gases into the environment
C)it exchanges gases between the blood and air in the environment
D)it maintains proper blood level pH
C
Which of the following conditions causes a narrowing of airways in the respiratory system? A)influenza B)bronchitis C)asthma D)pneumonia
C
Describe what will occur in the blood if the tidal volume in the lungs increases.
^ TIDAL VOLUME
^ DIFFUSION
Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart? A)blood cells B)muscle tissue split into two chambers C)muscle tissue split into four chambers D)four ventricles
C
Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen? A)rbcs B)plasma C)dissolved gases D)leukocytes
A
Which of the following chambers pumps blood towards the lungs? A)left atrium B)right atrium C)left ventricle D)right ventricle
D
In which of the following organs does digestion begin? A)mouth B)stomach C)small intestine D)pancreas
A
In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin? A)mouth B)stomach C)small intestine D)pancreas
B
Which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine? A)mucus B)microvilli C)enzymes D)hormones
B
Which of the following statements best describes peristalsis?
A)the partly digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine
B)the mechanical breakdown of food entering the stomach
C)muscle contractions that move food entering the digestive tract
D)chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes
C
Which of the following organs produce gametes? A)ovary B)testes C)prostate D)uterus
A
Which of the following best describes one function of estrogen? A)production of sperms cells B)maturation of eggs C)release of an egg D)fertilization
B
Which of the following does not result from the production of the luteinizing hormone (LH) in males? A)bone growth B)facial hair growth C)testosterone production D)sperm produciton
A
Which of the following best describes the kind of messages sent in the endocrine system?
A)electrical signals between axons
B)chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream
C)physical sensory signals received through the integumentary system
D)audiovisual systems processed through the brain
B
Which of the following structures secretes releasing hormones? A)hypothalamus B)pituitary C)pancreas D)liver
A
:
The hypothalamus is the endocrine-nervous system integration. It secretes both releasing and inhibiting hormones, which are sent to the pituitary gland.
Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland? A)releasing growth hormone B)releasing melatonin C)releasing insulin and glucagon D)releasing luteinizing hormone
B
Which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress? A)hypothalamus B)adrenal glands C)pancreas D)pituitary gland
B
Which of the following parts of the male genitourinary system also transports sperm? A)ureter B)urethra C)uterus D)urinary bladder
B
Which of the following waste products from digestion does the kidney remove? A)nitrogen B)sodium chloride C)protein D)carbon
A
Which of the following best describes the outcome if the kidneys stop functioning?
A)blood will increase its CO2 concentration
B)blood will fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis
C)the kidneys will fill with urine
D)the frequency in which a human excretes urine would increase
B
Which of the following structures is a functional unit in the kidney? A)renal capillaries B)glomerulus C)nephron D)cortex
C
A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin, which of the following best describes the immune response that would occur next? A)cytotoxic t cells form B)histamines are released C)antigens are released D)helper T-cells are activated
B
Which of the following breaks down bone material? A)osteoclasts B)osteoblasts C)canaliculi D)osteocytes
A
Which of the following is considered a short bone? A)skull bone B)radius and ulna C)carpals and tarsals D)humerus and scapula
C
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system?
A)it forms the matrix of a bone
B)it develops into osteocytes
C)it strengthens the entire skeletal system
D)it reduces friction at joints
D
Which of the following best explains the cause of osteoporosis?
A)pathogens eat away at bone tissue
B)ligaments degrade, causing joints to malfunction
C)osteoclasts breakdown bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals
D)osteoclasts breakdown bone slower than osteoblasts build them up
C
Which of the following groups is synthesized from monosaccharides like glucose? A)carbohydrates B)lipids C)protein D)nucleic acid
A
Which of the following macromolecules stores genetic information? A)carbohydrates B)lipids C)protein D)nucleic acid
D
Which of the following monomers form enzymes? A)glucose and fructose B)amino acids C)nucleotides D)fatty acids
B
Which of the following pairs with adenine? A)guanine B)adenine C)cytosine D)thymine
D
Cytosine pairs with ________>
Guanine
Which of the following is the name for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein? A)nucleotide B)gene C)chromosome D)DNA
B
Which of the following statements about genes and nucleotides is correct?
A)a gene contains thousands of chromosomes
B)a nucleotide contains many genes and chromosomes
C)nucleotides form strings of DNA that makeup genes
D)nucleotides form stings if chromosomes the makeup DNA
C
the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.
EX:
1) Thermoregulation (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels)
2) Blood sugar regulation (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high ; glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low)
Negative Feedback
Feedback serves to intensify a response until an endpoint is reached. Examples of processes controlled by _______ feedback in the human body include blood clotting and childbirth
Positive Feedback
_______ carry blood away from the heart
arteries
__________ transmit nutrients and waste products between arteries and veins
capillaries
_______ bring blood back to the heart.
veins
In _____________, oxygen-poor blood coming from the body enters the heart in the right atrium and is pumped by the ________ ventricle to the lungs to receive oxygen through the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary circulation
: right
Blood then is pumped through the _________ vein to the _______ atrium then to the _______ ventricle and is pushed out of the body. The process of delivering oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body is called systemic circulation.
pulmonary
: left atrium
to the left ventricle
The heart has its own system of blood vessels that circulates blood for its own function. This system is call ____________.
Coronary system
The stage of contraction is call _______.
systole
: increase in pressure within a chamber
The stage of relaxation is called _________.
diastole
: decrease in pressure within chamber
Blood flows from ______ pressure to _______ pressure
higher : lower
Valves open/close according to: __________
pressure gradients
