AP 2 Module 3: Problem Set Flashcards
What are the five special senses?
Vision and the Eye
Vision, smell, taste, hearing and equilibrium (balance)
What are the two parts of the outer layer of the eye?
Vision and the Eye
Sclera and cornea
What is included in the middle layer of the eye?
Vision and the Eye
Choroid, the ciliary muscle and the iris.
The pupil is a hole in the ____.
Vision and the Eye
Iris
The inner sensory layer is the _____.
Vision and the Eye
Retina
What are the two types of photoreceptors and their functions?
Vision and the Eye
The more numerous cells are rods which are stimulated in dim light. Rods are more sensitive to light but do not generate sharp or color images. The cones operate in bright light helping to generate sharp color images.
The interior of the eye (posterior to the lens) is filled with_____.
Vision and the Eye
Vitreous fluid
True or False: The vision pathway begins as the optic tracts, crosses at the optic chiasm and then moves through the optic nerve.
Vision and the Eye
False
Where is the LGN located?
Vision and the Eye
lateral geniculate nucleus
Thalamus
True or False: The nasal visual field is the visual field on the lateral sides of each eye.
Vision and the Eye
False
What allows for 3-D vision?
Vision and the Eye
Overlapping information in the nasal visual fields allows for 3-D vision, called the binocular visual field.
True or false: Only the medial fibers cross at the optic chiasm.
Vision and the Eye
True
The left side of the brain receives information from the _________ of the left eye and the ________ of the right eye.
Vision and the Eye
The left side of the brain receives information from the medial side of the left eye and the lateral side of the right eye (bilateral right visual fields).
On a piece of paper, draw the visual pathway using two different colors. Note one comment below about what you learned about the vision pathway:
Vision and the Eye
See figure in module
Review all the extrinsic eye muscle locations.
Vision and the Eye
See figure in module.
The medial rectus turns the eye _____. The medial rectus is controlled by CN _____.
Vision and the Eye
Medially, CN III, oculomotor
What is a cataract?
Vision and the Eye
Cataracts are lenses that slowly become hardened and cloudy over time.
What does diplopia mean?
Vision and the Eye
Double vision
What is the purpose of the auricle?
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
The auricle (Figure 1) is shaped to funnel sound waves into the external acoustic canal so that sounds can be detected.
What is the purpose of cerumen?
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Earwax which serves to trap foreign materials.
The inner end of the external acoustic meatus terminates at the _____.
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Tympanic membrane
The semicircular canals contribute in this way to the body’s_____ sense.
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Vestibular sense
What bone touches the inner ear to transmit vibrations?
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Stapes
The ____ is the sense organ for the auditory system.
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Organ of Corti
What is unique about the way the auditory pathway travels to the brain?
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
The auditory pathway is a unique sensory pathway because the ascending pathways cross in addition to sending signals to the same side of the brain. The result is that sounds from each ear are equally interpreted on the left and right sides of the brain
The movement of the stereocilia stimulates the neurons to send impulses through the _____ nerve to the _____ lobe of the brain.
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Cochlear nerve; temporal lobe.
What is the difference between nerve deafness vs. conduction deafness?
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
Conduction deafness occurs from damage to the outer or middle ear structures. Nerve deafness occurs from damage to the nerve pathway.
Review all figures in the auditory and vestibular systems.
The Auditory and the Vestibular Systems
See figures in module.
Olfactory nerves contain what type of receptor cells?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Bipolar receptor cells
The olfactory nerves travel through what bone?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Ethmoid (cribriform plate)
What is the order of the olfactory nerve pathway?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Olfactory nerves → olfactory bulbs → olfactory tracts→ temporal lobes
What is smell?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Smell is defined as a combination of a limited number of primary odors that are detectable by the brain.
Label all olfactory landmarks.
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
See figure in module
What is the anatomical word for taste?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Gustation (gustatory system
What is a bolus?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
A compact mass of food, prepared by the tongue and teeth.
True or false: The apex of the tongue is located on the anterior aspect of the mouth.
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
True
What type of papillae contain taste buds?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Circumvallate and fungiform papillae both contain taste buds
True or false: Gustatory cells are the chemoreceptors of the taste buds.
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
True
What is the purpose of basal cells?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
Basal cells serve as stem cells, which divide and differentiate into new supporting cells which then form new gustatory cells.
What is anosmia?
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
The loss of smell
True or false: The taste pathway sends signals via only one cranial nerve to the brain.
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
False (two nerves- facial and glossopharyngeal)
Review all figures of the gustatory system.
Olfactory and Gustatory Systems
See figures in module
