AP 2 1.1: Nervous System: Introduction Flashcards
Anatomy
Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body
Physiology
Physiology looks at how the body parts function together. The physiology of the body depends on the anatomy of the body. The physiology of how the organs function depends on the structure of the bones, which are hard structures made of mineral deposits that protect the organs from damage. It is important to study anatomy and physiology together because they are so closely related.
nervous system
The nervous system receives information, processes information, and sends out signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an appropriate response. In this way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other systems of the body.
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is responsible for the communication between the cells of the body by forming a system of electrical impulses that communicate very rapidly. Nerves are like the “wiring” of the body.
human nervous system
In the human nervous system, the two main divisions include the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
central nervous system
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which lie in the midline of the body. The skull protects the brain, and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord. The central nervous system can send signals or impulses to and receive impulses from the peripheral nervous system.
nuclei
Collections of cell bodies inside the central nervous system are called nuclei,
tracts
the collection of nerve axons in the central nervous system are called tracts.
The peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system includes all nerves not in the brain or spinal cord. The PNS includes the cranial nerves (Figure 1.4) and spinal nerves (Figure 1.5).
brainstem
peripheral nervous system
The brainstem regions include the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
Cranial nerves
peripheral nervous system
Cranial nerves project from the brainstem. Cranial nerves generally innervate the face, head, and neck.
spinal nerves
peripheral nervous system
the spinal nerves project from either side of the spinal cord. The spinal nerves spread out to innervate the rest of the body, including the trunk and extremities.
ganglia
peripheral nervous system
Collections of cell bodies inside the peripheral nervous system are called ganglia,
nerves
peripheral nervous system
the collection of nerve axons in the peripheral nervous system are called nerves.
sensory organs
The peripheral nervous system connects all parts of the body to the central nervous system and can be divided into two divisions: a sensory (or afferent division). The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the sensory organs via the afferent division, and then relays signals or impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands via the motor or efferent division.
SAME-sensory afferent, motor efferent
