AOS2

Question 1

the elements of the tri component model

Answer 1

affect, behaviour, cognitive

Question 2

define attitudes

Answer 2

an attitude is a learned, stable, and relatively enduring evaluation of a person, object or idea that can affect an individuals behaviour

Question 3

implicit attitudes

Answer 3

an individual is unaware they have the attitude until its demonstrated by their behaviour

Question 4

explicit attitudes

Answer 4

an individual knows they have this attitude and displays is as a result

Question 5

person perception

Answer 5

person perception is the process of forming impressions of others. it is piecing together bits of information gathered about a person so we may get an idea of the characteristics of that person.

Question 6

attributions

Answer 6

attributions are inferences that we make about the cause of event, the behaviour of others or our own behaviour.

Question 7

reasons behind internal attributions we use to describe behavior

Answer 7

traits, ability, motivation, attitude, mood, effort

Question 8

reasons behind external attributions we use to describe behaviour

Answer 8

luck, situation, environmental setting, actions of other people

Question 9

stereotypes

Answer 9

when a person assumes certain groups have particular characteristics that are typical of them. it is grouping individuals according to attributes. stereotyping includes categorising people into groups based on appearance, sexuality, gender or social class and assuming all members of the group are the same

Question 10

prejudice

Answer 10

a negative attitude about a group of people based on incorrect information. it is not an attitude toward an individual

Question 11

prejudice and the tri component model

Answer 11

affective: feelings of hostility towards a group of people, behavioural: the act of discriminating, cognitive: the belief that members of the group belong in the same category

Question 12

types of prejudice

Answer 12

sexism, racism, ageism, ableism, homophobia

Question 13

what is discrimination

Answer 13

the action or behaviour that reflects the negative attitude or prejudice

Question 14

types of discrimination

Answer 14

reluctance to help, tokenism, reverse discrimination

Question 15

reverse discrimination

Answer 15

publicly favouring a minority group in order to avoid accusations of prejudice

Question 16

tokenism

Answer 16

publicly making trivial assistance to a minority group in order to avoid accusations of prejudice

Question 17

reluctance to help

Answer 17

passively or actively declining to help a group of people in a society

Question 18

effects of prejudice/discrimination

Answer 18

failure and disadvantage, reduced self esteem, self fulfilling prophecies, violence and genocide

Question 19

formation of prejudice + discrimination

Answer 19

learning, competition- intergroup conflict, social identity theory, scapegoating, social categorisation and stereotyping

Question 20

Intergroup conflict

Answer 20

people in groups refer to themselves as ‘us’ and others as ‘them’. people in the group perceive themselves as better than people in other groups

Question 21

social categorisation and stereotyping

Answer 21

categorising people into groups based on characteristics we believe they have in common.

Question 22

scapegoating

Answer 22

our frustration over something leads us to unfairly blame innocent person/people, which leads to discrimination of this group

Question 23

social identity theory

Answer 23

people gain self esteem and a sense of identity by belonging to a group. people tend to think negatively about other groups and assume they are the better group

Question 24

preventing prejudice

Answer 24

education, cognitive intervention(giving people more information), setting super ordinate goals(working to a common goal), direct experience, intergroup contact