AOS2

Question 1

Early Colonisation Time Period

Answer 1

1788-1859

Question 2

Pre Federation Time Period

Answer 2

1860-1900

Question 3

Post Federation Time Period

Answer 3

1901-1990

Question 4

Early Colonisation Perceptions

Answer 4

Worthship, worship, fear, opportunity,

Question 5

Worthship

Answer 5

Land was valued according to whether it could be farmed, mined, fished or logged.

Question 6

Worship

Answer 6

The environment is viewed as something pleasant that can be enjoyed, however, it is not in any way part of you or your life. Land or nature is perceived to be of value if it looks good.

Question 7

Early Colonisation Interactions

Answer 7

Land clearing, whaling and sealing

Question 8

Farming (early colonisation)

Answer 8

• Lt James Grant arrived in 1801 and had his men clear an area on Churchill Island where he planted a variety of crops and vegetables
• Mchaffie brothers rented Phillip Island on lease in 1842 where they brought cattle across for farming. They cleared dense tea scrub by lighting a fire that burned for several days

Question 9

Sealing and Whaling (early colonisation)

Answer 9

• 1826 sealing and whaling occured with over 1 million being taken and by 1830’s most seals had been destroyed and industry died off

Question 10

Early Colonisation Impacts

Answer 10

• Stopping cultural burning
• Forest clearing
• Introduced species
• Contaminated and changed waterways

Question 11

Pre Federation Perceptions

Answer 11

• Environment as a resource
• Environment in danger

Question 12

Environment as a resource

Answer 12

Massive extraction from the
land, which was used to profit the entire population

Question 13

Environment in danger

Answer 13

Increasing populations - increased
pressures on the environment (soon after came the need to preserve and protect environments).

Question 14

Pre Federation Interactions

Answer 14

• At Phillip Island, people began building more efficient equipment and larger infrastructure.
  -Practices such as farming occurred but on a much larger scale - more land was being destroyed as more and more people were setting up on farms.
• The Industrialisation period brought chicory farming, and the production of the chicory root
• Toursim increased due to discovery of little penguins

Question 15

Pre Federation Impacts

Answer 15

• Land clearing and deforestation
• Increasing urbanisation
• More erosion
• Decreasing health of rivers with excessive use of water
• Positive effects of first national park

Question 16

Post Federation Perceptions

Answer 16

• Australia seen as a blank canvas
• Strong desire to create a strong, prosperous nation
• Recreation in environments led to greater appreciation for it

Question 17

Post Federation Interactions

Answer 17

• First bridge to Phillip Island was built in 1939
• Residents began to take tourists by torchlight to see the little penguins nightly arrival on beach in summerland peninsula
• Road network developed considerably
• People began recreate more frequently with intro of shorter working week
• Motor car meant people could get to outdoor location easier increasing interaction with outdoor environment

Question 18

Post Federation Impacts

Answer 18

• protection strategies for the little penguin population. - in 1930’s 4 hectares of land was given to protect little penguins. This had a positive impact on the environment during this time.
• Increasing tourism had a negative impact on the environment

Question 19

Environmental movements motivations

Answer 19

• Economic
• Identity and Nationalism

Question 20

Economic motivations

Answer 20

Conservation for human benefits and prosperity rather for conservation of the environment

Question 21

Identity and Nationalism Motivations

Answer 21

Through practice in more leisure time, people wanted to start protecting beautiful environments

Question 22

The Wilderness Society

Answer 22

“TWS is a national, community-based, environmental advocacy organisation whose purpose is protecting, promoting and restoring wilderness and natural
processes across Australia for the survival and ongoing evolution of life on Earth”

Question 23

Franklin River Protests

Answer 23

Protests to stop the damming of the Franklin river

Question 24

Franklin River 1978

Answer 24

• Tasmanian Hydro-Electric-Commison announced plans to dam Franklin River
• Tasmanian society polarised 70% for and 30% very vocal and agaisnt
• TWS starts publicity program to raise awareness

Question 25

Franklin River 1980

Answer 25

• June 1980 - 10 000 people marched through the streets of Hobart in protest
• Labor Premier Doug Lowe proposed modified version to plans

Question 26

Franklin River 1981

Answer 26

• December 1981 Tasmanian referendum 47% voted for original, 8% modified and 45% informally

Question 27

Franklin River 1982

Answer 27

• Pro-dam liberal premier Robin Gray elected ordering construction to proceed
• In federal parliament senate inquiry proceeded into what responsiblities government had to protect the area
• Bob Brown announced a blockade of dam construction 2500 people showed up and 1200 were arrested

Question 28

Franklin River 1983

Answer 28

• 1983 Liberal Malcom Fraser lost election to Labor Bob Hawke
• Bob Hawke vowed to stop dam and introdcued legislation to make Franklin River a World Heritage Sight
• Robin Grays government ignored the ruling
• Issue brought to high court and was ruled that federal government was in its constitutional right to protect Franklin Environment
• Construction of the dam ended

Question 29

Franklin River effects on politics

Answer 29

• Dr Brown elected to Tasmanian Parliament
• Bob Hawke recognised the electoral power of environmental movements
• In 1986 Brown with a group of 4 other politicians formed Tasmanian Greens party
• In 1992 NSW, TAS and QLD greens parties agreed to form national greens party led by Bob Brown