AOS1

Question 1

Simple Diffusion.

Answer 1

Movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 2

Facilitated Diffusion.

Answer 2

Molecules that cross through a membrane via a specific transmembrane integral protein.

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

Passive movement of free water molecules from a low concentration of solute to a high concentration of solute through a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 4

Active transport.

Answer 4

Requires energy –> movement in and out of the cell.

Question 5

Passive transport

Answer 5

doesn’t require energy –> movement in and out of the cell.

Question 6

Bulk Transport.

Answer 6

Type of transport that uses vesicles to move large molecules or groups of molecules in or out of the cell.

Question 7

Exocytosis

Answer 7

Moves large substances out of the cell.

Question 8

Endocytosis

Answer 8

Moves large substances into the cell.

Question 9

Hypertonic

Answer 9

Movement OUT of the cell - to a higher concentration of solute.

Question 10

Isotonic

Answer 10

Movement IN and OUT of the cell - equal in concentration.

Question 11

Hypotonic.

Answer 11

Movement going INTO the cell - to a high concentration of solute

Question 12

Hydrophobic

Answer 12

Hates water.

Question 13

Hydrophilic

Answer 13

Loves water.

Question 14

Extracellular

Answer 14

Outside of the cell In contact with the plasma membrane; fluid

Question 15

Intracellular

Answer 15

Inside the cell; contact with the plasma membrane

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

Substances that dissolve in a solvent

Question 17

Solution

Answer 17

Substance that a solute dissolves in.

Question 18

Function of the plasma membrane.

Answer 18

• Transport.
• Communication.
• Retains contents.
• Surrounds organelles.

Question 19

Phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 19

2 layers of phospholipid that make up a cell membrane.

Question 20

Fatty acid tails.

Answer 20

Hydrophobic - non-polar.

Question 21

Phospholipid head.

Answer 21

Phosphate-containing head.
Hydrophilic - polar.

Question 22

Polar

Answer 22

Charges are different at each end.

Question 23

Non-Polar

Answer 23

Same charges.

Question 24

Channel Proteins

Answer 24

Create holes (hydrophilic) in the cell membrane, enabling transport of molecules DOWN a concentration gradient.

Question 25

Carrier Proteins

Answer 25

Integral proteins, transport chemicals across the membrane. UP and DOWN concentration gradient.

Question 26

Integral proteins.

Answer 26

Permanent part of the membrane controls the movement of molecules across them.

Question 27

Cholesterol

Answer 27

A molecule that is lipid-based and regulates the fluidity of the membrane.

Question 28

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 28

extend from one end of membrane to other.

Question 29

Carbohydrates

Answer 29

- involved in signally and adhesion. - part of glycolipids or glycoproteins. - can be attached to proteins or phospholipids.

Question 30

Peripheral temporary proteins.

Answer 30

Intact with only the hydrophilic heads of a phospholipid.

Question 31

Cell Membrane.

Answer 31

phospholipid bilayer that encloses the contents of a cell. Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 32

Osmolarity

Answer 32

the total concentration of solutes in a solution.

Question 33

Semi-membrane permeability.

Answer 33

means some substances can pass through whilst others cannot.

Question 34

Factors that affect diffusion across a membrane.

Answer 34

- size - tonicity - temperature - hydrophobic/hydrophilic - polarity

Question 35

Concentration gradient

Answer 35

the difference in solute concentration between adjacent areas. The difference in concentration on two sides of a membrane.

Question 36

How does surface area to volume affect the diffusion of molecules into the cell?

Answer 36

The larger the surface area to volume (being smaller cells), the greater chance of diffusion.

Question 37

Why are cells so small?

Answer 37

Cells are small so diffusion can occur to absorb nutrients, efficiently and quickly.

Question 38

Aim

Answer 38

What you're investigating.

Question 39

Hypothesis

Answer 39

If....then...because..

Question 40

Independent variable

Answer 40

What is being changed.

Question 41

Dependent variable

Answer 41

What is being measured.

Question 42

Controlled variable

Answer 42

What stays the same.

Question 43

Conclusion.

Answer 43

Approve/Disprove hypothesis.

Question 44

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 44

.

Question 45

Golgi apparatus

Answer 45

.

Question 46

Secretory vesicle

Answer 46

.

Question 47

Phagocytosis.

Answer 47

Endocytosis of a solid material; bacteria.

Question 48

Pinocytosis.

Answer 48

Endocytosis of a fluid material; lipid.