AOS 1 phonetics + phonology metalanguage

Question 1

prosodic features

Answer 1

relates to the pronunciation of syllables. SPIT+V: stress, pitch, intonation, tempo, volume.

Question 2

stress as a prosodic feature

Answer 2

the degree of strength/prominence used to produce a syllable to give speech rhythm.

Question 3

pitch as a prosodic feature

Answer 3

the height of a sound from low to high, for example, high pitch when excited and low pitch when serious.

Question 4

intonation as a prosodic feature

Answer 4

the pattern of pitch changes in speech, providing grammatical structure, attitude/emotion, or distinguishing a question from a statement.

Question 5

tempo as a prosodic feature

Answer 5

the speed at which we speak, for example, fast speech to indicate excitement and slow speech to indicate deliberation.

Question 6

volume as a prosodic feature

Answer 6

the loudness of speech, for example, loud volume when adamant and soft volume for soothing.

Question 7

what are the three vocal effects?

Answer 7

coughs, laughter, breath

Question 8

sounds in connected speech

Answer 8

assimilation, vowel reduction, elision, insertion.

Question 9

elision as an aspect of connected speech

Answer 9

the omission of a sound, for example, because → ‘cos

Question 10

vowel reduction as an aspect of connected speech

Answer 10

the alteration from a sound to a schwa (ə)

Question 11

assimilation as an aspect of connected speech

Answer 11

sound changes to become more like a neighbouring sound, for example, bitter → /bIdə/.

Question 12

what are the three features of accents?

Answer 12

broad accent, general accent, cultivated accent.

Question 13

phonological patterning in texts

Answer 13

alliteration, assonance (repetition of vowels), consonance (repetition of consonants), onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme.